{"id":"cardiac-output-changes-with-ephedrine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Tachycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypertension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Anxiety"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Insomnia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Palpitations"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ephedrine acts as a direct and indirect adrenergic agonist, binding to alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. This stimulation increases myocardial contractility and heart rate, leading to increased cardiac output. It also causes peripheral vasoconstriction through alpha-adrenergic effects, which elevates systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure.","oneSentence":"Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:17:26.898Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Hypotension and shock"},{"name":"Bronchospasm and asthma"},{"name":"Nasal congestion"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05269537","phase":"","title":"Changes in Cardiac Output During Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mansoura University","startDate":"2022-03-12","conditions":"Anesthesia, Spinal, Cesarean Section, Echocardiography","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03421860","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Cardiac Index Changes With Ephedrine, Phenylephrine, Ondansetron and Norepinephrine During Spinal Anesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Tunis El Manar","startDate":"2017-02-23","conditions":"Cardiac Output, Low","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT01928797","phase":"NA","title":"Ninvasive Cardiac Output Measurements During Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","startDate":"2013-11-01","conditions":"Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery, Spinal Anesthesia","enrollment":60}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[{"count":323,"reaction":"HYPOTENSION"},{"count":183,"reaction":"TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS"},{"count":162,"reaction":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE"},{"count":139,"reaction":"BRADYCARDIA"},{"count":127,"reaction":"PAIN"},{"count":126,"reaction":"DYSPNOEA"},{"count":124,"reaction":"TACHYCARDIA"},{"count":118,"reaction":"CARDIAC ARREST"},{"count":116,"reaction":"NAUSEA"},{"count":115,"reaction":"ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK"}],"_approvalHistory":[{"date":"20220331","type":"SUPPL","sponsor":"EUGIA PHARMA","applicationNumber":"ANDA214579"},{"date":"20210614","type":"ORIG","sponsor":"EUGIA PHARMA","applicationNumber":"ANDA214579"},{"date":"20201003","type":"ORIG","sponsor":"DR REDDYS","applicationNumber":"ANDA212649"},{"date":"20230630","type":"SUPPL","sponsor":"DR REDDYS","applicationNumber":"ANDA212649"},{"date":"20260319","type":"ORIG","sponsor":"FRESENIUS KABI USA","applicationNumber":"ANDA219991"},{"date":"20230516","type":"ORIG","sponsor":"ZYDUS PHARMS","applicationNumber":"ANDA217276"},{"date":"20241011","type":"ORIG","sponsor":"HIKMA","applicationNumber":"ANDA217721"}],"publicationCount":48,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["cardiac output: CO (cm3 / min) = ITV * S * HR . ITV (cm) = integral time velocity is measured by pulsed doppler at the level of the ascending aorta, on apical cut."],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"cardiac output changes with \"ephedrine\"","genericName":"cardiac output changes with \"ephedrine\"","companyName":"University Tunis El Manar","companyId":"university-tunis-el-manar","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. Used for Hypotension and shock, Bronchospasm and asthma, Nasal congestion.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}