{"id":"calcium-polystyrene-sulfonate","rwe":[{"pmid":"41280959","year":"2025","title":"Prolonged Gastric Retention of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate: A Case Report.","finding":"","journal":"Cureus","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41055706","year":"2026","title":"Comparative effectiveness of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate versus calcium polystyrene sulfonate for patients with heart failure.","finding":"","journal":"Heart and vessels","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40923581","year":"2025","title":"Differences in Efficacy Among New and Old Potassium Binders in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","finding":"","journal":"Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40911143","year":"2025","title":"Pelvic inflammatory pseudotumor with calcium polystyrene sulfonate crystal deposition in a kidney transplant recipient.","finding":"","journal":"CEN case reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40905078","year":"2025","title":"Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate and Heart Failure Risk: A Comparative Study With Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate.","finding":"","journal":"Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"V03AE01","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Hyperkalemia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Cation Exchange Resins","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Chelating Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Ion Exchange Resins","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sequestering Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"unknown","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":145.922,"date":"","count":77,"signal":"Hyperkalaemia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 77 times (LLR=146)"},{"llr":118.704,"date":"","count":78,"signal":"Renal impairment","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 78 times (LLR=119)"},{"llr":83.068,"date":"","count":62,"signal":"Cardiac failure","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 62 times (LLR=83)"},{"llr":81.744,"date":"","count":13,"signal":"Crystal deposit intestine","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 13 times (LLR=82)"},{"llr":77.049,"date":"","count":16,"signal":"Shunt stenosis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 16 times (LLR=77)"},{"llr":58.902,"date":"","count":37,"signal":"Hepatic function abnormal","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 37 times (LLR=59)"},{"llr":55.024,"date":"","count":82,"signal":"Anaemia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 82 times (LLR=55)"},{"llr":46.017,"date":"","count":79,"signal":"Acute kidney injury","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 79 times (LLR=46)"},{"llr":43.531,"date":"","count":37,"signal":"Interstitial lung disease","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 37 times (LLR=44)"},{"llr":36.533,"date":"","count":9,"signal":"Shunt occlusion","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 9 times (LLR=37)"},{"llr":32.063,"date":"","count":29,"signal":"Chronic kidney disease","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 29 times (LLR=32)"},{"llr":30.215,"date":"","count":82,"signal":"Pneumonia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 82 times (LLR=30)"},{"llr":29.408,"date":"","count":13,"signal":"Hyperuricaemia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 13 times (LLR=29)"},{"llr":29.322,"date":"","count":6,"signal":"Fatigue","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 6 times (LLR=29)"},{"llr":27.718,"date":"","count":34,"signal":"Blood creatinine increased","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 34 times (LLR=28)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Hyperkalaemia","drugRate":"LLR 146","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Renal impairment","drugRate":"LLR 119","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Cardiac failure","drugRate":"LLR 83","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Crystal deposit intestine","drugRate":"LLR 82","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Shunt stenosis","drugRate":"LLR 77","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Hepatic function abnormal","drugRate":"LLR 59","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Anaemia","drugRate":"LLR 55","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Acute kidney injury","drugRate":"LLR 46","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Interstitial lung disease","drugRate":"LLR 44","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Shunt occlusion","drugRate":"LLR 37","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Chronic kidney disease","drugRate":"LLR 32","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Pneumonia","drugRate":"LLR 30","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Hyperuricaemia","drugRate":"LLR 29","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Fatigue","drugRate":"LLR 29","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Blood creatinine increased","drugRate":"LLR 28","severity":"common"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"kalimate","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["calcium polystyrene sulfonate","calcium polystyrene sulphonate","calcium polystyrenesulfonate","kalimate"],"timeline":[],"brandName":"Kalimate","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Hyperkalemia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"calcium acetate","slug":"calcium-acetate","company":"B Braun"},{"name":"calcium chloride","slug":"calcium-chloride","company":"Baxter Hlthcare"},{"name":"calcium glucoheptonate","slug":"calcium-glucoheptonate","company":"Abbott"},{"name":"calcium glycerylphosphate","slug":"calcium-glycerylphosphate","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","explanation":"Imagine your blood as a bucket with too many balls in it. Kalimate is like a special tool that swaps some of those balls with different ones, making the bucket less crowded and more balanced. This helps to lower the levels of potassium in your blood, which can be dangerous if they get too high.","oneSentence":"Kalimate works by exchanging potassium ions in the blood for calcium ions.","technicalDetail":"Kalimate is a cation exchange resin that selectively binds to potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating their excretion and reducing serum potassium levels."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/4871","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=calcium%20polystyrene%20sulfonate","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=calcium polystyrene sulfonate","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T09:12:07.502870","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"sodium polystyrene sulfonate","drugSlug":"sodium-polystyrene-sulfonate","fdaApproval":"1958-06-05","genericCount":14,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"sevelamer","drugSlug":"sevelamer","fdaApproval":"1998-10-30","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"lanthanum carbonate","drugSlug":"lanthanum-carbonate","fdaApproval":"2004-10-26","patentExpiry":"Dec 1, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"sucroferric oxyhydroxide","drugSlug":"sucroferric-oxyhydroxide","fdaApproval":"2013-11-27","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"calcium acetate","drugSlug":"calcium-acetate","fdaApproval":"1982-05-06","patentExpiry":"Jul 20, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ferric citrate","drugSlug":"ferric-citrate","fdaApproval":"2014-09-05","patentExpiry":"Jul 21, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"patiromer calcium","drugSlug":"patiromer-calcium","fdaApproval":"2015-10-21","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"sodium zirconium cyclosilicate","drugSlug":"sodium-zirconium-cyclosilicate","fdaApproval":"2018-05-18","patentExpiry":"Oct 22, 2033","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"calcium polystyrene sulfonate","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Hyperkalemia","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":14140009,"regulator":"FDA"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"sodium-polystyrene-sulfonate","brandName":"sodium polystyrene sulfonate","genericName":"sodium polystyrene sulfonate","approvalYear":"1958","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"sevelamer","brandName":"sevelamer","genericName":"sevelamer","approvalYear":"1998","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"lanthanum-carbonate","brandName":"lanthanum carbonate","genericName":"lanthanum carbonate","approvalYear":"2004","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"sucroferric-oxyhydroxide","brandName":"sucroferric oxyhydroxide","genericName":"sucroferric oxyhydroxide","approvalYear":"2013","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"calcium-acetate","brandName":"calcium acetate","genericName":"calcium acetate","approvalYear":"1982","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"ferric-citrate","brandName":"ferric citrate","genericName":"ferric citrate","approvalYear":"2014","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"patiromer-calcium","brandName":"patiromer calcium","genericName":"patiromer calcium","approvalYear":"2015","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"sodium-zirconium-cyclosilicate","brandName":"sodium zirconium cyclosilicate","genericName":"sodium zirconium cyclosilicate","approvalYear":"2018","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03113981","phase":"NA","title":"Osseointegration of THA Grafted by PolyNASS (ACTISURF-CERAFIT® ) Versus Non-grafted THA (CERAFIT®)","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Societe ACTIVBIOMAT","startDate":"2017-05-08","conditions":["Osteoarthritis, Hip","Coxarthrosis; Primary","Coxarthrosis; Secondary","Osteonecrosis; Aseptic, Idiopathic","Hip Arthroplasty Replacement","Hip Arthroplasty, Total","Hip Arthroplasty"],"enrollment":340,"completionDate":"2039-12"},{"nctId":"NCT04585542","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparison of Potassium Binders in the ER","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of California, Irvine","startDate":"2020-10-20","conditions":["Acute Hyperkalemia","Oral Potassium Binders"],"enrollment":37,"completionDate":"2025-01-31"},{"nctId":"NCT03305549","phase":"NA","title":"Recovery After Dialysis-Requiring Acute Kidney Injury","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of California, San Francisco","startDate":"2017-09-29","conditions":["Acute Kidney Injury"],"enrollment":16,"completionDate":"2019-11-13"},{"nctId":"NCT06029179","phase":"NA","title":"SZC Versus SPS for Treatment of Hyperkalemia in Hemodialysis Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Alexandria University","startDate":"2024-01-15","conditions":["Hyperkalemia"],"enrollment":120,"completionDate":"2024-12-15"},{"nctId":"NCT06218212","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Renastart Formula Supplementation in Children With Acute Kidney Injury in Maintaining Normal Serum Electrolytes Levels","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ain Shams University","startDate":"2022-02-12","conditions":["Acute Kidney Injury"],"enrollment":24,"completionDate":"2023-06-30"},{"nctId":"NCT04566653","phase":"","title":"Patient Palatability and Preference of 3 Potassium Binders in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Hyperkalaemia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"AstraZeneca","startDate":"2020-10-23","conditions":["Chronic Kidney Disease + Hyperkalaemia +/- Heart Failure"],"enrollment":147,"completionDate":"2022-01-12"},{"nctId":"NCT04440696","phase":"PHASE1,PHASE2","title":"To Evaluate the Patient Tolerance, Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Lanthanum Polystyrene Sulfonate Powder","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Grand Life Science (Liaoning) Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2020-10-21","conditions":["Hyperphosphatemia"],"enrollment":48,"completionDate":"2022-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT02065076","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate in the Treatment of Hyperkaliemia in Pre-dialysis Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital","startDate":"2014-02","conditions":["Hyperkalemia","Chronic Kidney Failure"],"enrollment":38,"completionDate":"2014-10"},{"nctId":"NCT01866709","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate in Hyperkalemia","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"ZS Pharma, Inc.","startDate":"2013-05","conditions":["Hyperkalemia"],"enrollment":32,"completionDate":"2013-08"},{"nctId":"NCT00004328","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Phase II Study of the Pathophysiology and Treatment With Enalapril and Polystyrene Sulfonate for Pseudohypoaldosteronism, Type I","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)","startDate":"1992-12","conditions":["Pseudohypoaldosteronism"],"enrollment":1,"completionDate":""}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"003509","UNII":"HUI2S00793","CHEBI":"CHEBI:53277","INN_ID":"8324","RXNORM":"1546437","UMLSCUI":"C0108139","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL2109033","KEGG_DRUG":"D03270","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB01344","PUBCHEM_CID":"169893","SNOMEDCT_US":"1002242008","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"28210-41-5","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C003321"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":91,"therapeuticAreas":["Hematology"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"V03AE01","allCodes":["V03AE01"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2025 Oct","pmid":"41280959","title":"Prolonged Gastric Retention of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate: A Case Report.","journal":"Cureus"},{"date":"2026 Apr","pmid":"41055706","title":"Comparative effectiveness of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate versus calcium polystyrene sulfonate for patients with heart failure.","journal":"Heart and vessels"},{"date":"2025 Aug 29","pmid":"40923581","title":"Differences in Efficacy Among New and Old Potassium Binders in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","journal":"Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia"},{"date":"2025 Dec","pmid":"40911143","title":"Pelvic inflammatory pseudotumor with calcium polystyrene sulfonate crystal deposition in a kidney transplant recipient.","journal":"CEN case reports"},{"date":"2025 Sep","pmid":"40905078","title":"Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate and Heart Failure Risk: A Comparative Study With Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate.","journal":"Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"unknown","modality":"Small Molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Kalimate, also known as calcium polystyrene sulfonate, is a small molecule medication used to treat high blood potassium. It is typically given orally or rectally and can cause side effects such as loss of appetite, gastrointestinal upset, constipation, and low blood calcium.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}