{"id":"butethamine","rwe":[{"pmid":"13849778","year":"1960","title":"An investigation of the effect of ultrasonic waves on the rates of hydrolysis of procaine and butethamine hydrochlorides.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. American Pharmaceutical Association","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Sodium channel alpha subunits; brain (Types I, II, III)","category":"target"},{"label":"SCN1A","category":"gene"},{"label":"SCN2A","category":"gene"},{"label":"SCN3A","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"}],"phase":"unknown","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"monocain","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["butethamine","monocain"],"timeline":[],"brandName":"Monocain","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Sodium channel alpha subunits; brain (Types I, II, III)","targets":[{"gene":"SCN1A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium channel alpha subunits; brain (Types I, II, III)","protein":"Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha"},{"gene":"SCN2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium channel alpha subunits; brain (Types I, II, III)","protein":"Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha"},{"gene":"SCN3A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium channel alpha subunits; brain (Types I, II, III)","protein":"Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","explanation":"Imagine your brain is like a city with many busy streets. Sodium channels are like traffic lights that help control the flow of electrical signals. When these channels get stuck in the 'on' position, it can lead to problems like seizures or pain. Monocain is like a traffic cop that helps turn off these channels when they're not needed, restoring balance to the brain's electrical activity.","oneSentence":"Monocain works by blocking sodium channels in the brain, which can help regulate abnormal electrical activity.","technicalDetail":"Monocain binds to sodium channel alpha subunits, specifically types I, II, and III, which are involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/3053","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=butethamine","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T09:09:29.496357","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"articaine","drugSlug":"articaine","fdaApproval":"2000-04-03","patentExpiry":"Mar 27, 2039","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"bepridil","drugSlug":"bepridil","fdaApproval":"1990-12-28","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"brompheniramine","drugSlug":"brompheniramine","fdaApproval":"1957-08-23","genericCount":13,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"butacaine","drugSlug":"butacaine","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"chlorphenamine","drugSlug":"chlorphenamine","fdaApproval":"1950-08-15","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"chlorpromazine","drugSlug":"chlorpromazine","fdaApproval":"1957-09-18","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"cinchocaine","drugSlug":"cinchocaine","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"cyproheptadine","drugSlug":"cyproheptadine","fdaApproval":"1961-10-17","genericCount":31,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"desipramine","drugSlug":"desipramine","fdaApproval":"1964-11-20","genericCount":8,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"dicycloverine","drugSlug":"dicycloverine","fdaApproval":"1950-05-11","relationship":"same-target"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"butethamine","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"articaine","brandName":"articaine","genericName":"articaine","approvalYear":"2000","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"bepridil","brandName":"bepridil","genericName":"bepridil","approvalYear":"1990","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"brompheniramine","brandName":"brompheniramine","genericName":"brompheniramine","approvalYear":"1957","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"butacaine","brandName":"butacaine","genericName":"butacaine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"chlorphenamine","brandName":"chlorphenamine","genericName":"chlorphenamine","approvalYear":"1950","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"chlorpromazine","brandName":"chlorpromazine","genericName":"chlorpromazine","approvalYear":"1957","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"cinchocaine","brandName":"cinchocaine","genericName":"cinchocaine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"cyproheptadine","brandName":"cyproheptadine","genericName":"cyproheptadine","approvalYear":"1961","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"desipramine","brandName":"desipramine","genericName":"desipramine","approvalYear":"1964","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"dicycloverine","brandName":"dicycloverine","genericName":"dicycloverine","approvalYear":"1950","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{},"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"004857","UNII":"F8E12S0YYS","CHEBI":"CHEBI:134959","UMLSCUI":"C0301287","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL124211","PUBCHEM_CID":"11117","SNOMEDCT_US":"71250002"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":1,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"1960 Feb","pmid":"13849778","title":"An investigation of the effect of ultrasonic waves on the rates of hydrolysis of procaine and butethamine hydrochlorides.","journal":"Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. American Pharmaceutical Association"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"unknown","modality":"Small Molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Monocain (butethamine) is a small molecule modality targeting sodium channel alpha subunits in the brain, specifically types I, II, and III. Its exact drug class is unknown, and its commercial status is unclear. Monocain is not FDA-approved for any indications, and its pharmacokinetic properties, such as half-life and bioavailability, are also unknown. As a result, there is limited information available on its safety profile and potential side effects. Further research is needed to fully understand Monocain's mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}