{"id":"bupivacaine-spinal-0-5-heavy-bolus","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Bradycardia"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Headache (post-dural puncture)"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Urinary retention"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Transient neurological symptoms"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Back pain"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Bupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that penetrates nerve membranes and reversibly binds to sodium channels from the intracellular side, inhibiting sodium influx and depolarization. The 0.5% heavy formulation (isobaric or hyperbaric depending on preparation) is administered intrathecally for spinal anesthesia, providing prolonged sensory and motor blockade in the lower body and lower extremities. The 'heavy' designation typically indicates the solution is hyperbaric (denser than cerebrospinal fluid), affecting its distribution in the spinal canal.","oneSentence":"Bupivacaine blocks sodium channels in nerve fibers, preventing the initiation and propagation of action potentials to produce local anesthesia.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:29:03.941Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Spinal anesthesia for surgical procedures of the lower abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities"},{"name":"Spinal anesthesia for obstetric procedures"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03715517","phase":"NA","title":"Spinal Anesthesia For Enhanced Recovery After Liver Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Manitoba","startDate":"2018-10-04","conditions":"Hepatectomy, Pain, Postoperative, Liver Neoplasms","enrollment":128},{"nctId":"NCT06282666","phase":"NA","title":"Lumbar ESPB in Hip Replacement Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Medical University of Lublin","startDate":"2024-02-19","conditions":"Coxarthrosis, Pain, Postoperative, Pain, Acute","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04701190","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Different Noradrenaline Protocols in Post Spinal Hypotension in CS","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ankara University","startDate":"2021-02-01","conditions":"Hypotension, Cesarean Section, Anesthesia, Spinal","enrollment":180}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":11,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Single bolus"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Bupivacaine Spinal 0,5% Heavy - bolus","genericName":"Bupivacaine Spinal 0,5% Heavy - bolus","companyName":"Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education","companyId":"centre-of-postgraduate-medical-education","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Bupivacaine blocks sodium channels in nerve fibers, preventing the initiation and propagation of action potentials to produce local anesthesia. Used for Spinal anesthesia for surgical procedures of the lower abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities, Spinal anesthesia for obstetric procedures.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}