{"id":"bupivacaine-s50-r50-plus-8-glucose","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bradycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache (post-dural puncture)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Neurological toxicity (at high doses)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Cardiovascular toxicity (at high doses)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"anthropic-haiku","explanation":"Bupivacaine reversibly binds to and blocks voltage-gated sodium channels on the inner surface of nerve cell membranes, preventing depolarization and transmission of pain signals. The S50:R50 racemic mixture combined with 8% glucose creates a hyperbaric spinal anesthetic solution suitable for regional anesthesia. The glucose increases the specific gravity of the solution, allowing controlled spread within the cerebrospinal fluid.","oneSentence":"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and propagation of action potentials.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:55:23.178Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Spinal anesthesia for surgical procedures"},{"name":"Regional anesthesia for pain management"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03883763","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Hyperbaric Novabupi® in Spinal Anesthesia in Lower Limbs Vascular Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cristália Produtos Químicos Farmacêuticos Ltda.","startDate":"2022-04-01","conditions":"Spinal Anesthesia, Vascular Surgery","enrollment":120}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"bupivacaine S50:R50 plus 8% glucose","genericName":"bupivacaine S50:R50 plus 8% glucose","companyName":"Cristália Produtos Químicos Farmacêuticos Ltda.","companyId":"crist-lia-produtos-qu-micos-farmac-uticos-ltda","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and propagation of action potentials. Used for Spinal anesthesia for surgical procedures, Regional anesthesia for pain management.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}