{"id":"bupivacaine-physiological-solution","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Systemic toxicity (CNS effects: tremor, seizures)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Cardiovascular effects (hypotension, arrhythmias)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Local reactions (pain, erythema at injection site)"},{"rate":"rare","effect":"Allergic reactions"}]},"_chembl":null,"timeline":[{"date":"2023-01-01","type":"Development","milestone":"Initiation of clinical trials","regulator":"EMA"}],"_dailymed":null,"aiSummary":"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic used for various surgical and diagnostic procedures. It is administered as a physiological solution by SEBASTIAN ROCHE. Despite its effectiveness, it does not have an FDA label, which may limit its use in certain markets. The drug is known for its long-lasting anesthetic properties but comes with a range of potential side effects that need to be carefully managed. Its use is primarily in regional anesthesia, including epidural and spinal blocks.","mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"By inhibiting sodium influx through ion channels, bupivacaine prevents depolarization of nerve fibers, thereby blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. This local anesthetic effect is reversible and allows for temporary loss of sensation in a localized area. The physiological solution formulation provides appropriate osmolarity and pH for safe administration.","oneSentence":"Bupivacaine blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the generation and propagation of action potentials.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:29:07.938Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"commercial":{"yoyGrowth":null,"launchDate":null,"annualCostUS":null,"currentRevenue":null,"patientPopulation":"Varies by indication and region","peakSalesEstimate":null},"competitors":["Marcaine (Bupivacaine) by AstraZeneca","Sensorcaine (Bupivacaine) by Baxter","Chirocaine (Bupivacaine) by Mylan"],"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures"},{"name":"Infiltration anesthesia"},{"name":"Nerve blocks"},{"name":"Epidural and spinal anesthesia"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07449585","phase":"NA","title":"Pericapsular Nerve Group Block Versus Intrathecal Morphine for 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physiological solution","genericName":"Bupivacaine- physiological solution","companyName":"SEBASTIAN ROCHE","companyId":"sebastian-roche","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}