{"id":"bupivacaine-hcl-0-75-inj","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Systemic toxicity (CNS effects: tremor, seizures)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Cardiovascular effects (hypotension, arrhythmias)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Local reactions at injection site"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Allergic reactions"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Bupivacaine reversibly binds to and inactivates voltage-gated sodium channels on the inner surface of nerve cell membranes, thereby preventing depolarization and action potential propagation. This results in a loss of sensation in the infiltrated tissue. The drug has a relatively long duration of action compared to other local anesthetics due to its high lipophilicity and protein binding.","oneSentence":"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:43:33.717Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures"},{"name":"Infiltration anesthesia"},{"name":"Nerve blocks"},{"name":"Epidural anesthesia"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03715517","phase":"NA","title":"Spinal Anesthesia For Enhanced Recovery After Liver Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Manitoba","startDate":"2018-10-04","conditions":"Hepatectomy, Pain, Postoperative, Liver Neoplasms","enrollment":128},{"nctId":"NCT06575010","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Exparel v Dexamethasone in RCR","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"Rothman Institute Orthopaedics","startDate":"2024-08-26","conditions":"Rotator Cuff Tears, Postoperative Pain","enrollment":126},{"nctId":"NCT06465992","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Liposomal Bupivacaine With Dexamethasone for Foot Surgery","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"Rothman Institute Orthopaedics","startDate":"2024-06-17","conditions":"Foot Surgery, Ankle Surgery, Post Operative Pain","enrollment":126},{"nctId":"NCT04178200","phase":"","title":"Evaluation of Duration of Anesthesia and Patient Satisfaction After Retrobulbar Block Applied in Cataract Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Develi Devlet Hastanesi","startDate":"2019-12-16","conditions":"Cataract Surgery, Patient Satisfaction, Akinesia","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT01558713","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Epidural Volume Extension and Intrathecal Use of Local Anesthetics in Cesarean Sections","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Patras","startDate":"2010-01","conditions":"Stillborn Caesarean Section","enrollment":120}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":1,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Bupivacaine Hcl 0.75% Inj","genericName":"Bupivacaine Hcl 0.75% Inj","companyName":"Rothman Institute Orthopaedics","companyId":"rothman-institute-orthopaedics","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Used for Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures, Infiltration anesthesia, Nerve blocks.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}