{"id":"bupivacaine-20cc","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Systemic toxicity (CNS effects: tremor, seizures)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Cardiovascular effects (hypotension, arrhythmias)"},{"rate":"rare","effect":"Allergic reactions"},{"rate":"rare","effect":"Methemoglobinemia"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Bupivacaine reversibly binds to and inactivates voltage-gated sodium channels on the inner surface of nerve cell membranes, thereby preventing depolarization and action potential generation. This blocks conduction of sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve impulses in the area where it is injected. The drug is long-acting due to its high lipophilicity and protein binding, allowing sustained local anesthesia.","oneSentence":"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and propagation of nerve impulses.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:40:55.715Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures"},{"name":"Infiltration anesthesia"},{"name":"Nerve blocks"},{"name":"Epidural and spinal anesthesia"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06112548","phase":"NA","title":"The Efficiency of Periarticular Multimodal Drug Injection in Pain Management Following Primary Unilateral TKA","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Damascus University","startDate":"2024-03-01","conditions":"Arthritis Knee, Pain, Arthroplasty Complications","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT07246642","phase":"PHASE4","title":"IPP Placement & Intracavernosal Block","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences","startDate":"2026-03","conditions":"Erectile Dysfunction (ED)","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT05140499","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Continuous Nerve Catheters for Below the Knee Amputations","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Aurora Quaye","startDate":"2022-08-15","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Amputation","enrollment":11},{"nctId":"NCT05720949","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Genicular Nerve Blocks for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Knee Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York","startDate":"2023-01-12","conditions":"ACL, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries","enrollment":192},{"nctId":"NCT07349810","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Post Operative Infusion Pump Pain Study","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","startDate":"2026-01-01","conditions":"Post Operative Pain","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT07302399","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of the Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of SAP and SPSIP Blocks in Patients Undergoing Mammoplasty","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Abant Izzet Baysal University","startDate":"2026-02-01","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Postsurgical Pain, Breast Pain","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06795724","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Peng Block Application on Inflammation and Mortality in Hip Fractures","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ankara City Hospital Bilkent","startDate":"2025-01-30","conditions":"Inflammatory Response, Anesthesia, Hip Fractures","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT05177991","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Post-operative Pain Control-TAP Block Using Exparel vs. Marcaine for Hernia Repairs","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Leslie Son","startDate":"2022-03-01","conditions":"Inguinal Hernia, Ventral Hernia","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT04979338","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Development of Effective, Opioid Sparing Techniques for Peri-operative Pain Management of Transgender Patients Undergoing Gender Affirming Surgeries","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2021-11-11","conditions":"Gender Dysphoria","enrollment":640},{"nctId":"NCT03351348","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Bupivacaine vs Placebo for Unilateral Mastectomy Surgical Site Post-operative Pain Control","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","startDate":"2017-11-16","conditions":"Breast Cancer","enrollment":165},{"nctId":"NCT04168710","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Ultrasound Guided Emergency Physician Performed Erector Spinae Nerve Block for Rib Fracture Analgesia","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Yale University","startDate":"2025-05-01","conditions":"Rib Fractures","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT05898087","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Subpectoral Bupivacaine for Pain Management in Adolescent Reduction Mammaplasty","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Connecticut Children's Medical Center","startDate":"2022-04-01","conditions":"Macromastia, Post-operative Pain","enrollment":128},{"nctId":"NCT03094663","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Adductor Canal Block With Periarticular Injection and IPACK (ACB/PAI/IPACK) Versus Periarticular Injection (PAI)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York","startDate":"2017-02-28","conditions":"Knee Arthropathy","enrollment":86},{"nctId":"NCT04364867","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Exparel for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Norton Healthcare","startDate":"2020-08-12","conditions":"Total Shoulder Arthroplasty","enrollment":102},{"nctId":"NCT06132308","phase":"NA","title":"Evaluation of PENG Block in Terms of Block Time and Postoperative Pain","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital","startDate":"2023-10-15","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06656299","phase":"NA","title":"EOIB for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital","startDate":"2024-10-30","conditions":"Cholecystitis, Cholecystitis, Acute, Cholecystitis, Chronic","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06658054","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Erector Spinae Plan Block (ESPB) with Dexmedetomidine and Dexamethasone in Lumbar Spine Fusion","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Southern California","startDate":"2024-11","conditions":"Lumbar Degenerative Disease","enrollment":46},{"nctId":"NCT06221332","phase":"NA","title":"Sacral Erector Spinae Plane Block in Normal Birth","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Konya City Hospital","startDate":"2024-01-24","conditions":"Analgesia","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT06566859","phase":"","title":"Comparison of ESP Block and M-TAPA Block Efficiency in Postoperative Analgesia Management in Nephrectomy Cases","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Başakşehir Çam & Sakura City Hospital","startDate":"2024-09-01","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06557018","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine Using Periarticular Injection in Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Dezhou Hospital Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","startDate":"2024-06-25","conditions":"Osteoarthritis, Knee","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT05062356","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Pain Control Following Total Hip Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"St. Mary's Research Center, Canada","startDate":"2021-11-04","conditions":"Chronic Postoperative Pain","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT06202040","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Bilateral Rectus Sheath and Oblique Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block on Mechanical Power","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Konya City Hospital","startDate":"2023-12-22","conditions":"Mechanical Power","enrollment":66},{"nctId":"NCT03738696","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Liposomal Bupivacaine in Rotator Cuff Repair","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","startDate":"2019-12-15","conditions":"Rotator Cuff Injury","enrollment":64},{"nctId":"NCT06136000","phase":"NA","title":"S-ESP and Ring Block in Circümcision Surgery (S-ESP: Sacral Erectör Spinae Plane Block).","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Konya City Hospital","startDate":"2023-12-19","conditions":"Pain, Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT01848951","phase":"","title":"Comparison of Epidural and TAP Block in Abdominal Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Nebraska","startDate":"2014-02-01","conditions":"Acute Pain, Surgery, Regional Anesthesia","enrollment":72},{"nctId":"NCT05316168","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Post Operative Pain Management for ACL Reconstruction","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Rothman Institute Orthopaedics","startDate":"2023-09-30","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":154},{"nctId":"NCT05967936","phase":"NA","title":"Paracervical Block Versus Transcervical Block in Outpatient Procedural Hysteroscopy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Ciusss de L'Est de l'Île de Montréal","startDate":"2023-09-01","conditions":"Myoma;Uterus, Polyp Uterus","enrollment":242},{"nctId":"NCT03401450","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Optimal Location of Nerve Block to Minimize Perioperative Opioid Administration in ACL Surgery: Comparing True Adductor Canal to Proximal Block","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"NYU Langone Health","startDate":"2018-02-01","conditions":"ACL Surgery","enrollment":69},{"nctId":"NCT05635916","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Trial of Liposomal Bupivacaine for TKA","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Northern Light Mercy Hospital","startDate":"2022-09-22","conditions":"Knee Replacement, Total Knee Arthroplasty, Post-Operative Pain","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT05896072","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of Two Different Analgesic Regional Block Techniques in Pediatric Patients Undergoing a Hernia Repair","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Abant Izzet Baysal University","startDate":"2023-05-08","conditions":"Post Operative Pain, Inguinal Hernia","enrollment":66},{"nctId":"NCT03922620","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Peripheral Nerve Block","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Geisinger Clinic","startDate":"2020-01-23","conditions":"Pain, Acute, Surgery, Anesthesia","enrollment":1},{"nctId":"NCT04640896","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Trigger Point Injections in Anterior Cervical Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"George Washington University","startDate":"2020-11-05","conditions":"Myofacial Pain, Pain, Neck, Pain, Back","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03187379","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Exparel (TM) on Post-operative Pain After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Using Circular EEA Stapler","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Matthew Kroh","startDate":"2017-06-01","conditions":"Post-operative Pain Management","enrollment":102},{"nctId":"NCT04538105","phase":"NA","title":"Preoperative Fluoroscopy Guided Hip Articular Branch Blocks and Analgesic Outcomes Following Hip Arthroscopy","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Rush University Medical Center","startDate":"2021-05-01","conditions":"Surgery, Arthroscopic, Analgesia, Pain, Acute","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT03270514","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparison of Sternal Wound Infiltration With Liposomal Bupivacaine v. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kathirvel Subramaniam","startDate":"2018-11-15","conditions":"Coronary Artery Disease, Coronary Artery Stenoses, Valve Regurgitation, Mitral","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03508830","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Intercostal Nerve Block Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of California, San Francisco","startDate":"2018-12-30","conditions":"Thoracic Diseases, Postoperative Pain, Opioid Use","enrollment":91},{"nctId":"NCT04835922","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of Efficacy of Intercostal Nerve Block vs Peritract Infiltration With 0.25% Bupivacaine in PCNL","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute Of Medicine.","startDate":"2020-11-09","conditions":"Kidney Stone","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03729375","phase":"PHASE1","title":"The Effect Of An Anesthetic Procedure On Post Operative Pain Management In Carpal Tunnel Release","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of South Florida","startDate":"2018-10-04","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome","enrollment":52},{"nctId":"NCT02863120","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Liposomal Bupivacaine vs Adductor Canal Block in Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Texas Orthopaedics, Sports and Rehabilitation Associates","startDate":"2016-07","conditions":"Knee Osteoarthritis","enrollment":63},{"nctId":"NCT03642457","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy Between Serratus Plane Block And Local Infiltration In Vats","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","startDate":"2018-03-01","conditions":"Lung Cancer","enrollment":65},{"nctId":"NCT03482973","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Cardiac Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","startDate":"2018-06-21","conditions":"Coronary Artery Disease, Sternal Pain","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT02280291","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Single Shot Versus OnQ Pump in Extremity Fractures","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"NYU Langone Health","startDate":"2013-08","conditions":"Pain, Fracture","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT02847013","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"The Use of Liposomal Bupivacaine in TAP Blocks for Women Undergoing Cesarean Section","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Milton S. Hershey Medical Center","startDate":"","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02584452","phase":"NA","title":"Trial Evaluating Postop Pain and Muscle Strength Among Regional Anesthesia Techniques for Ambulatory ACL Reconstruction","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","startDate":"2015-11-03","conditions":"Rupture of Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Tear of Anterior Cruciate Ligament","enrollment":59},{"nctId":"NCT03152877","phase":"NA","title":"Efficacy of Extended-Release Liposomal Bupivacaine for Post-Partum Pain Management Following Obstetrical Laceration","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center","startDate":"2018-03-01","conditions":"Pain, Obstetric","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT01480102","phase":"NA","title":"Paravertebral Block for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Loyola University","startDate":"2011-08","conditions":"Post Operative Pain","enrollment":46},{"nctId":"NCT03650868","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Thoracal Paravertebral Block on Seroma Reduction in Breast Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kocaeli University","startDate":"2018-09-01","conditions":"Seroma, Breast Cancer","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03463382","phase":"NA","title":"Erector Spinae Plane Block Versus Quadratus Lumborum Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Children","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kocaeli University","startDate":"2018-03-12","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03711981","phase":"NA","title":"Laparascopic TAP and Hysterectomy Trial #2","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Tennessee","startDate":"2016-01-27","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":32},{"nctId":"NCT02826551","phase":"NA","title":"Pain Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Posterior Capsular Marcaine Injection","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2017-01-01","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":23},{"nctId":"NCT02951884","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Intra-articular Local Anesthetic Injection and Hematoma Aspiration","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Loyola University","startDate":"2016-06-15","conditions":"Tibial Fractures","enrollment":2},{"nctId":"NCT03001453","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Intraoperative Liposomal Bupivacaine vs. Bupivacaine for Total Hip Replacement Pain Management","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"American Hip Institute","startDate":"2014-04","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":107},{"nctId":"NCT03253198","phase":"NA","title":"Prospective RCT Comparing Perioperative Pain","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Rothman Institute Orthopaedics","startDate":"2016-08","conditions":"Arthroplasty Shoulder","enrollment":156},{"nctId":"NCT03422354","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Ultrasound Guided L1,L2 Paravertebral Block in Decrease the Requirements for Hypotensive Drugs During General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Hip Surgeries.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2018-02-12","conditions":"Ultrasound Guided L1,L2 Paravertebral Block","enrollment":74},{"nctId":"NCT02680548","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Pilot RCT of Efficacy of Perineural Local Anesthetics and Steroids for Chronic Post-traumatic Ankle and Foot Pain","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Health Network, Toronto","startDate":"2015-11","conditions":"CHRONIC POST-TRAUMATIC NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN ANKLE AND FOOT","enrollment":8},{"nctId":"NCT02698228","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Regional Anaesthesia for Painful Injuries After Disasters","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Epicentre","startDate":"2016-03","conditions":"Lower Limb Injuries, Fracture","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT01977339","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Single Injection Femoral Nerve Block With Liposomal Bupivacaine for Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center","startDate":"2015-05","conditions":"Total Knee Arthroplasty","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02808728","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effectiveness of Intraoperative Exparel for Postoperative Pain Control in Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"DeClaire LaMacchia Orthopaedic Institute","startDate":"2014-05","conditions":"Osteoarthritis, Total Knee Arthroplasty, Pain Management","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT01975285","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Popliteal Nerve Blocks With and Without Dexamethasone on the Duration of Analgesia for Foot & Ankle Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2013-08","conditions":"Foot and Ankle Procedures","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT02426164","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Liposomal Bupivacaine in Total Knee Arthroplasty","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Miller Orthopedic Specialists","startDate":"2015-06","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Osteoarthritis","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT01538459","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Plasma Glucose Levels With Dexamethasone as Adjuvant to Interscalene Block","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Lifespan","startDate":"2012-11","conditions":"Shoulder Pain, Injury of Shoulder Region, Disorder of Shoulder","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT01516268","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Effect of Adding Sufentanyl to Bupivacaine in Transversus Abdominis Plane Block to Reduce the Narcotic Dosage and Pain After Cesarean Delivery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2012-01","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT01596660","phase":"NA","title":"Transversus Abdominis Bilateral Plane Block in Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy : A Randomized Controlled Trial","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"CES University","startDate":"2011-08","conditions":"Block","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT01468415","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Efficiency Comparison Between Methylprednisolone and Phenol 8% Treatment Using a Trans Sacral Approach - on Lower Back Pain and Limbs","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center","startDate":"2011-06","conditions":"Back Pain","enrollment":60}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":6,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Exparel, Marcaine, Marcaine Spinal (PF)"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Bupivacaine 20cc","genericName":"Bupivacaine 20cc","companyName":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York","companyId":"hospital-for-special-surgery-new-york","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Bupivacaine 20cc is a small molecule blocker of the sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha, classified as a blocker. It is used to treat conditions such as postoperative pain, acute pain, and surgery, often administered through regional anesthesia techniques like Erector Spinae Plane Block and Quadratus Lumborum Block.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":1},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}