{"id":"bupivacaine-0-25-isobaric","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bradycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache (post-dural puncture)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Neurological toxicity (at high doses)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Cardiac arrhythmias (systemic toxicity)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Transient neurological symptoms"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Bupivacaine reversibly binds to and blocks voltage-gated sodium channels on the inner surface of nerve cell membranes, inhibiting sodium influx and preventing depolarization. This action halts the generation and conduction of nerve impulses in the area where it is administered. The isobaric formulation (0.25%) has a specific gravity equal to cerebrospinal fluid, making it suitable for spinal anesthesia with minimal positional effects.","oneSentence":"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and propagation of action potentials.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:28:56.934Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures"},{"name":"Spinal anesthesia"},{"name":"Epidural anesthesia"},{"name":"Peripheral nerve blocks"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06621472","phase":"NA","title":"Retrolaminar Block Versus Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Liver Resection Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2024-10-01","conditions":"Cancer Liver","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT07458321","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Epidural Anesthesia on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurements in Total Knee Prosthesis Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bursa City Hospital","startDate":"2023-12-06","conditions":"Total Knee Replacement, Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement, Intracranial Pressure Change","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT07426666","phase":"NA","title":"Vaginal Cuff Bupivacaine Injection for Postoperative Pain","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Havva Betül Bacak","startDate":"2025-08-05","conditions":"Postoperative Pain Management","enrollment":48},{"nctId":"NCT07385352","phase":"NA","title":"Caudal Dexmedetomidine vs Ketamine for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric DDH Surgery","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2026-03-01","conditions":"Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip","enrollment":54},{"nctId":"NCT07267650","phase":"NA","title":"iPACK Block vs. Periarticular Infiltration for TKA Pain Control","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Turgutlu State Hospital","startDate":"2026-01-01","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Osteoarthritis, Knee / Osteoarthritis, Hip","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT07187427","phase":"NA","title":"Incidence of Pruritus Using Intrathecal Fentanyl Versus Epidural Fentanyl to Initiate Labour Analgesia.","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"St. Justine's Hospital","startDate":"2026-01","conditions":"Pruritis, Hypotension Drug-Induced, Urinary Retention","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT07139522","phase":"NA","title":"Dexamethasone Versus Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Elective Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2023-12-01","conditions":"Dexamethasone, Magnesium Sulphate, Adjuvant","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT06287151","phase":"NA","title":"Regional Anesthesia EMG Study","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Nationwide Children's Hospital","startDate":"2023-08-09","conditions":"Surgery","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT07094386","phase":"NA","title":"Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Open Upper Abdominal Surgeries: External Oblique Intercostal Plane Block vs. Quadratus Lumborum Block","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2025-08-15","conditions":"Post Operative Pain","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT07121764","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Postoperative Pain Relief in Children: Comparing Caudal Bupivacaine Alone Versus Bupivacaine With Dexmedetomidine for Infra-Umbilical Surgeries Under General Anesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Allama Iqbal Teaching Hospital","startDate":"2025-04-27","conditions":"Hernia Repair, Orchiopexy, Hypospadias","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06630858","phase":"NA","title":"Intrathecal Morphine vs. Quadratus Lumborum Block for Pain in Laparoscopic Nephrectomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ondokuz Mayıs University","startDate":"2024-10-08","conditions":"Anesthesia, Analgesia, Acute Pain","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT06550180","phase":"NA","title":"The Additive Analgesic Effects of Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Abdominoplasty Under Spinal Anaesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Helwan University","startDate":"2024-05-28","conditions":"Abdominoplasty, Spinal Anaesthesia, Transversus Abdominis Plane Block (TAP Block)","enrollment":66},{"nctId":"NCT06088420","phase":"NA","title":"Analgesic Efficacy of Different Nerve Blocks in Postoperative Cesarean Section","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2023-10-15","conditions":"Post Operative Pain","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT06736392","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine As an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Pericapsular Nerve Group Block in Hip Replacement Surgeries","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2025-03-01","conditions":"PENG Block","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06703229","phase":"NA","title":"Assessment of the Impact of Two Dexmedetomidine Dosages Added with Bupivacaine in Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia Following Inguinal Hernia Repair","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Helwan University","startDate":"2024-01-15","conditions":"Spinal Anaesthesia, Herniorrhaphy, Transversus Abdominis Plane Block","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT05068661","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparing Effectiveness of CSE Versus DPE for Labor Analgesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Duke University","startDate":"2021-11-21","conditions":"Labor Pain","enrollment":101},{"nctId":"NCT06451705","phase":"NA","title":"Pecs Block vs Local Infiltration in Mastectomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hasanuddin University","startDate":"2024-03-01","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT06301503","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Postoperative Quality of Recovery After Combined Lumbar Plexus-Sciatic Nerve Block (LPB-SNB)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Udayana University","startDate":"2024-03-09","conditions":"Lower Extremity Surgery","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT05577260","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Intraperitoneal Injection of Magnesium Sulphate Versus Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine on Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Aortic Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Mansoura University","startDate":"2022-10-01","conditions":"Abdominal Aortic Surgery","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT05254093","phase":"NA","title":"Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Erector Spinae Plane Block After Elective Cesarean Section","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kasr El Aini Hospital","startDate":"2022-03-01","conditions":"Cesarean Section, Postoperative Analgesia","enrollment":153},{"nctId":"NCT04375111","phase":"NA","title":"Serratus Anterior Plane (SAP) Block vs SAP Block Combined With Transverus Thoracic Plane (TTP) Block, for Post-mastectomy Pain Control.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2021-06-15","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":54},{"nctId":"NCT05117281","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Caudal Block Versus Spinal Block With Levobupivacaine for Inguinal Hernia in Children","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2021-09-10","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Analgesia","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04741880","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Evaluation of Intravenous Lidocaine and Time to Regression of the Sensory Block After Spinal Anesthesia (ELSA Trial)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Brazil","startDate":"2021-06-17","conditions":"Anesthesia, Cancer","enrollment":66},{"nctId":"NCT04715880","phase":"NA","title":"The Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy and Hemodynamic Effects of Paravertebral Block Compared With Paravertebral and Intercostal Nerve Block for Thoracotomy in Adults.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Aga Khan University Hospital, Pakistan","startDate":"2021-02-15","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Nerve Block, Thoracotomy","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT03793764","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of TAP Bock vs QL Block in Varicocele Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Ömer Faruk Boran","startDate":"2018-12-25","conditions":"Infertility","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT02521831","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Neuroinflammatory and Neurocognitive Effects of Spinal vs. Inhalational Anesthesia for Elective Surgery in Infants","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Emmett Whitaker, M.D.","startDate":"2015-10","conditions":"Inguinal Hernia","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT01219062","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Postoperative Pain Control After Hip Hemiarthroplasty: Intrathecal Morphine vs Periarticular Infiltration of Bupivacaine","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Mahidol University","startDate":"2010-09","conditions":"Femoral Neck Fracture","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT02375100","phase":"NA","title":"Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Ilioinguinal Nerve Block for Pain Management in Inguinal Herniorraphy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital","startDate":"2015-02","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT00464841","phase":"NA","title":"Usefulness of the Tsui Test in Combined Spinal-Epidural Analgesia in Labour","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital","startDate":"2007-02","conditions":"Labor Pain","enrollment":14}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Plain bupivacaine"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Bupivacaine %0.25 (isobaric)","genericName":"Bupivacaine %0.25 (isobaric)","companyName":"Bursa City Hospital","companyId":"bursa-city-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and propagation of action potentials. Used for Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures, Spinal anesthesia, Epidural anesthesia.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}