{"id":"bupivacain-levobupivacaine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bradycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Systemic toxicity (CNS and cardiac effects at high doses)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"These drugs work by reversibly binding to and blocking voltage-gated sodium channels on the inner surface of nerve cell membranes. By preventing sodium influx, they inhibit depolarization and action potential generation, thereby blocking sensory and motor nerve conduction in a dose-dependent manner. Levobupivacaine is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine, offering potentially improved cardiac safety profile while maintaining local anesthetic efficacy.","oneSentence":"Bupivacaine and levobupivacaine are local anesthetics that block sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:40:54.714Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures"},{"name":"Infiltration anesthesia"},{"name":"Nerve blocks"},{"name":"Epidural and spinal anesthesia"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00970086","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Pain Relieve in Children Undergoing Groin Surgery","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","startDate":"2009-08","conditions":"Postoperative Pain, Reaction; Anesthesia","enrollment":22},{"nctId":"NCT01648777","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Catheter Outcomes With Sternotomy Cardiac Operated","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris","startDate":"2012-03","conditions":"Pneumonia, Cardiac Surgery, Multiperforated Catheter","enrollment":1502}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":1181,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Bupivacain/levobupivacaine","genericName":"Bupivacain/levobupivacaine","companyName":"University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","companyId":"university-hospital-basel-switzerland","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Bupivacaine and levobupivacaine are local anesthetics that block sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Used for Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures, Infiltration anesthesia, Nerve blocks.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}