{"id":"bropirimine","rwe":[{"pmid":"39904398","year":"2025","title":"Improving lipid nanoparticles delivery efficiency of macrophage cells by using immunomodulatory small molecules.","finding":"","journal":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"26399683","year":"2015","title":"Bropirimine inhibits osteoclast differentiation through production of interferon-β.","finding":"","journal":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"25450001","year":"2014","title":"CMV specific cytokine release assay in whole blood is optimized by combining synthetic CMV peptides and toll like receptor agonists.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of immunological methods","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"23954282","year":"2013","title":"Toll like receptor 2 agonists lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan are able to enhance antigen specific IFNγ release in whole blood during recall antigen responses.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of immunological methods","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"16301114","year":"2005","title":"A phase II clinical trial of oral bropirimine in combination with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin for carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.","finding":"","journal":"Urologic oncology","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase","category":"target"},{"label":"XDH","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Adjuvants, Immunologic","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antineoplastic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Immunologic Factors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Interferon Inducers","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":["bropirimine"],"offLabel":[],"synonyms":["bropirimine"],"timeline":[],"aiSummary":"BROPIRIMINE is a small molecule modality targeting xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase. Its mechanism and clinical applications are not well-documented, and it is unclear if it has been approved by the FDA for any indications. As a result, there is limited information available on its commercial status, pharmacokinetics, or safety profile. Further research is needed to fully understand the properties and potential uses of BROPIRIMINE. Its development history is also unclear, with no information available on its original developer or current owner.","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase","targets":[{"gene":"XDH","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase","protein":"Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","explanation":"Think of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase like a factory that produces a chemical called uric acid. When this factory is working too hard, it can produce too much uric acid, leading to problems like gout. BROPIRIMINE helps by slowing down the factory, reducing the amount of uric acid produced.","oneSentence":"BROPIRIMINE works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase.","technicalDetail":"BROPIRIMINE acts as a competitive inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, reducing the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/3689","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=BROPIRIMINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T09:07:15.505351","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"adenine","drugSlug":"adenine","fdaApproval":"2021-04-08","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"allopurinol","drugSlug":"allopurinol","fdaApproval":"1966-08-19","genericCount":22,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"febuxostat","drugSlug":"febuxostat","fdaApproval":"2009-02-13","patentExpiry":"Sep 8, 2031","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"thioguanine","drugSlug":"thioguanine","fdaApproval":"1966-01-18","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"bropirimine","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"adenine","brandName":"adenine","genericName":"adenine","approvalYear":"2021","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"allopurinol","brandName":"allopurinol","genericName":"allopurinol","approvalYear":"1966","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"febuxostat","brandName":"febuxostat","genericName":"febuxostat","approvalYear":"2009","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"thioguanine","brandName":"thioguanine","genericName":"thioguanine","approvalYear":"1966","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{},"crossReferences":{"UNII":"J57CTF25XJ","CHEBI":"CHEBI:31307","INN_ID":"5903","UMLSCUI":"C0054150","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL37387","KEGG_DRUG":"D01666","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB04168","PDB_CHEM_ID":"977","PUBCHEM_CID":"135413497","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C033560"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"therapeuticAreas":["Other"],"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2025 Feb","pmid":"39904398","title":"Improving lipid nanoparticles delivery efficiency of macrophage cells by using immunomodulatory small molecules.","journal":"Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine"},{"date":"2015 Nov 6","pmid":"26399683","title":"Bropirimine inhibits osteoclast differentiation through production of interferon-β.","journal":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications"},{"date":"2014 Dec 1","pmid":"25450001","title":"CMV specific cytokine release assay in whole blood is optimized by combining synthetic CMV peptides and toll like receptor agonists.","journal":"Journal of immunological methods"},{"date":"2013 Oct 31","pmid":"23954282","title":"Toll like receptor 2 agonists lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan are able to enhance antigen specific IFNγ release in whole blood during recall antigen responses.","journal":"Journal of immunological methods"},{"date":"2005 Nov-Dec","pmid":"16301114","title":"A phase II clinical trial of oral bropirimine in combination with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin for carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.","journal":"Urologic oncology"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","brandName":"BROPIRIMINE","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}