{"id":"botulinum-toxin-serotype-a","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Neck pain"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Injection site pain"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Muscle weakness"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Eyelid ptosis"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Dry mouth"},{"rate":"1-3","effect":"Flu-like symptoms"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"The toxin is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that cleaves SNAP-25, a protein essential for acetylcholine vesicle fusion and release. This prevents neuromuscular transmission, resulting in flaccid paralysis of injected muscles. The effect is temporary, lasting 3-4 months, after which nerve terminals regenerate and function is restored.","oneSentence":"Botulinum toxin serotype A blocks acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction by cleaving SNARE proteins, causing temporary muscle paralysis.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:28:47.932Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Cervical dystonia"},{"name":"Blepharospasm"},{"name":"Strabismus"},{"name":"Chronic migraine"},{"name":"Hyperhidrosis"},{"name":"Glabellar lines and facial wrinkles (cosmetic)"},{"name":"Spasticity"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06583551","phase":"NA","title":"Effectiveness of Botox, Dry Needling, Pharmacological Treatment, and Manual Therapy for Bruxism-Induced Myalgia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi","startDate":"2021-01-03","conditions":"Myalgia, Bruxism, Quality of Life","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT06044883","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Radiological Evaluation of the Penis Before and After a Botox Injection","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2023-06-01","conditions":"Erectile Dysfunction","enrollment":32},{"nctId":"NCT05863286","phase":"NA","title":"Assessment of Botulinum Toxin Injection for Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2022-12-30","conditions":"Dislocation of Temporomandibular Joint TMJ, Subluxation of Temporomandibular Joint","enrollment":28},{"nctId":"NCT01486264","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Open-Label Non-Inferiority Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Xeomin® in Subjects With Cervical Dystonia Flex","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH","startDate":"2012-01-20","conditions":"Cervical Dystonia","enrollment":283},{"nctId":"NCT01994109","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety Study of MYOBLOC® Followed by Open-Label Multiple-Treatment With MYOBLOC® in the Treatment of Troublesome Sialorrhea in Adult Subjects","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2013-11","conditions":"Sialorrhea","enrollment":187},{"nctId":"NCT03860662","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Effect of Oral Baclofen and Botulinum Toxin Treatments in Hemiplegic Spasticity on the Nociceptive Flexor Reflex","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mustafa Kemal University","startDate":"2018-05-26","conditions":"Stroke Sequelae, Spastic Hemiplegia","enrollment":29},{"nctId":"NCT04756882","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy OF Botulinum Toxin A for Improving Facial Scars","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Alexandria University","startDate":"2020-11-18","conditions":"Hypertrophic Scarring","enrollment":12},{"nctId":"NCT02551848","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Kinematic-based BoNT-A Injections for Bilateral ET","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Western University, Canada","startDate":"2014-08","conditions":"Essential Tremor","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT02662530","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Clinical and Kinematic Assessment for Determination of Botox® Injection Parameters in Cervical Dystonia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Western University, Canada","startDate":"2012-01","conditions":"Cervical Dystonia","enrollment":39},{"nctId":"NCT02668497","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Kinematic-based BoNT-A Bilateral Upper Limb PD Therapy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Western University, Canada","startDate":"2016-03","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT02427646","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Kinematic-guided BoNT-A Treatment for ET and PD Tremor","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Western University, Canada","startDate":"2011-10","conditions":"Tremor","enrollment":54},{"nctId":"NCT03429556","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study to Evaluate Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype E (EB-001) in Reducing Musculoskeletal Pain in Abdominoplasty","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Allergan","startDate":"2018-05-08","conditions":"Abdominoplasty","enrollment":23},{"nctId":"NCT00241215","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Serotype A Injections for Cervicobrachial Myofascial Syndrome","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of California, Los Angeles","startDate":"2003-06","conditions":"Cervicobrachial Neuralgia, Myofascial Pain Syndromes","enrollment":132},{"nctId":"NCT01088230","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"The Impact of Botox® During Robotic Rehabilitation of the Wrist Following Stroke","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"New York Presbyterian Hospital","startDate":"2009-06","conditions":"Stroke","enrollment":12}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":39,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Botulinum toxin serotype A","genericName":"Botulinum toxin serotype A","companyName":"University of California, Los Angeles","companyId":"university-of-california-los-angeles","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Botulinum toxin serotype A blocks acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction by cleaving SNARE proteins, causing temporary muscle paralysis. Used for Cervical dystonia, Blepharospasm, Strabismus.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}