{"id":"botulinum-toxin-neuromodulator","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Neck pain"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Injection site pain or bruising"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Muscle weakness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Eyelid ptosis"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Antibody formation (neutralizing antibodies)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"anthropic-haiku","explanation":"Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin that irreversibly cleaves proteins required for acetylcholine vesicle fusion and release at the presynaptic terminal. This prevents neuromuscular transmission, resulting in temporary flaccid paralysis of targeted muscles. The effect is reversible over months as the body regenerates new neuromuscular junctions.","oneSentence":"Botulinum toxin blocks acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction by cleaving SNARE proteins, causing temporary muscle paralysis.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:42:40.924Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Chronic migraine"},{"name":"Cervical dystonia"},{"name":"Blepharospasm"},{"name":"Hyperhidrosis"},{"name":"Spasticity"},{"name":"Facial wrinkles and dynamic expression lines"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06604832","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Effects of Microtox on Facial Skin Quality, Fine Wrinkles, and Texture","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kalpna Kay Durairaj, MD, FACS","startDate":"2024-09-03","conditions":"Skin Aging, Skin Wrinkling","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT05167864","phase":"NA","title":"Evaluation of Four Injectable Neuromodulators in the Glabella Area Glabella Area","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Pennsylvania","startDate":"2022-03-04","conditions":"Cosmetic Techniques","enrollment":143},{"nctId":"NCT06203470","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Botox Versus Tacrolimus in Psoriasis Vulgaris","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2024-06","conditions":"Psoriasis Vulgaris","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT05807412","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Spread of PrabotulinumtoxinA-xvfs Versus OnabotulinumtoxinA in the Treatment of Forehead Rhytides","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Lupo Center for Aesthetic and General Dermatology","startDate":"2023-05-01","conditions":"Rhytides","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT04247074","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Treatment of Moderate to Severe Lateral Canthal Lines and Glabellar Lines Alone or in Combination","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Galderma R&D","startDate":"2020-02-10","conditions":"Glabellar Frown Lines (GL), Lateral Canthal Lines (LCL)","enrollment":413},{"nctId":"NCT04249583","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Treatment of Moderate to Severe Glabellar Lines","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Galderma R&D","startDate":"2020-02-10","conditions":"Glabellar Frown Lines","enrollment":300},{"nctId":"NCT04225260","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Long-term Treatment of Moderate to Severe Glabellar Lines and Lateral Canthal Lines","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Galderma R&D","startDate":"2020-01-27","conditions":"Glabellar Lines, Lateral Canthal Lines","enrollment":902},{"nctId":"NCT04249687","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Treatment of Moderate to Severe Lateral Canthal Lines","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Galderma R&D","startDate":"2020-02-10","conditions":"Lateral Canthal Lines","enrollment":303},{"nctId":"NCT03048383","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparison of Three Botulinum Neuromodulators for Management of Facial Synkinesis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Utah","startDate":"2012-07","conditions":"Facial Nerve Injuries, Facial Paresis Associated With Facial Nerve Dysfunction, Facial Asymmetry","enrollment":71}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":75,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["QM1114-DP"],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"botulinum toxin neuromodulator","genericName":"botulinum toxin neuromodulator","companyName":"Galderma R&D","companyId":"galderma-r-d","modality":"Biologic","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Botulinum toxin blocks acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction by cleaving SNARE proteins, causing temporary muscle paralysis. Used for Chronic migraine, Cervical dystonia, Blepharospasm.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":2,"withResults":2},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}