{"id":"bifemelane","rwe":[{"pmid":"40597604","year":"2025","title":"The promotion of liver vitamin metabolism is of great significance for laying hens during fasting.","finding":"","journal":"BMC genomics","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40012744","year":"2024","title":"Uncovering the Elusive Structures and Mechanisms of Prevalent Antidepressants.","finding":"","journal":"Advanced therapeutics","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"35471895","year":"2022","title":"Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Sb-Aryl Stibines with Halogenomethyl Arenes to Give Unsymmetirc Diarylmethanes.","finding":"","journal":"Organic letters","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"33550209","year":"2021","title":"Dopamine controls neuronal spontaneous calcium oscillations via astrocytic signal.","finding":"","journal":"Cell calcium","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"31211282","year":"2019","title":"The emergence of new antidepressants for clinical use: Agomelatine paradox versus other novel agents.","finding":"","journal":"IBRO reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"bifemelane","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A","category":"target"},{"label":"MAOA","category":"gene"},{"label":"MAOB","category":"gene"},{"label":"L3MBTL1","category":"gene"},{"label":"N06AX08","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Cerebrovascular disease","category":"indication"},{"label":"Antidepressive Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Psychotropic Drugs","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-n-methylbutylamine","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["bifemelane","4-(o-Benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine","bifemelane hydrochloride","bifemelane HCl"],"timeline":[],"brandName":"4-(O-Benzylphenoxy)-N-Methylbutylamine","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Cerebrovascular disease","otherDrugs":[{"name":"isoxsuprine","slug":"isoxsuprine","company":""},{"name":"tolazoline","slug":"tolazoline","company":"Novartis"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A","targets":[{"gene":"MAOA","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A","protein":"Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A"},{"gene":"MAOB","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B","protein":"Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B"},{"gene":"L3MBTL1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1","protein":"Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"bifemelane","explanation":"Think of it like a traffic jam in your brain. When this enzyme breaks down neurotransmitters, it's like cars getting stuck in traffic. BIFEMELANE helps to clear the traffic by blocking this enzyme, allowing neurotransmitters to flow more freely.","oneSentence":"BIFEMELANE works by inhibiting the enzyme Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A, which plays a role in the breakdown of certain neurotransmitters.","technicalDetail":"BIFEMELANE acts as a competitive inhibitor of Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A, specifically binding to the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and preventing the oxidation of its substrate, thereby reducing the breakdown of certain neurotransmitters."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/369","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=BIFEMELANE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T08:59:58.237998","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T11:15:14.046666+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"tryptophan","drugSlug":"tryptophan","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"nomifensine","drugSlug":"nomifensine","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"trazodone","drugSlug":"trazodone","fdaApproval":"1981-12-24","patentExpiry":"Mar 27, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"nefazodone","drugSlug":"nefazodone","fdaApproval":"1994-12-22","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"viloxazine","drugSlug":"viloxazine","fdaApproval":"2021-04-02","patentExpiry":"Sep 4, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"mirtazapine","drugSlug":"mirtazapine","fdaApproval":"1996-06-14","genericCount":19,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"bupropion","drugSlug":"bupropion","fdaApproval":"1985-12-30","patentExpiry":"Jun 27, 2026","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"venlafaxine","drugSlug":"venlafaxine","fdaApproval":"1993-12-28","genericCount":41,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"milnacipran","drugSlug":"milnacipran","fdaApproval":"2009-01-14","patentExpiry":"Sep 19, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"duloxetine","drugSlug":"duloxetine","fdaApproval":"2004-08-03","patentExpiry":"Apr 13, 2037","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"desvenlafaxine","drugSlug":"desvenlafaxine","fdaApproval":"2008-02-29","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"vilazodone","drugSlug":"vilazodone","fdaApproval":"2011-01-21","genericCount":5,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"vortioxetine","drugSlug":"vortioxetine","fdaApproval":"2013-09-30","patentExpiry":"Sep 21, 2032","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"esketamine","drugSlug":"esketamine","fdaApproval":"2019-05-03","patentExpiry":"Sep 10, 2035","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"levomilnacipran","drugSlug":"levomilnacipran","fdaApproval":"2013-07-25","patentExpiry":"May 23, 2032","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"brexanolone","drugSlug":"brexanolone","fdaApproval":"2019-03-19","patentExpiry":"Nov 27, 2033","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"bifemelane","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular disease","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":62914000,"regulator":"FDA"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"tryptophan","brandName":"tryptophan","genericName":"tryptophan","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"nomifensine","brandName":"nomifensine","genericName":"nomifensine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"trazodone","brandName":"trazodone","genericName":"trazodone","approvalYear":"1981","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"nefazodone","brandName":"nefazodone","genericName":"nefazodone","approvalYear":"1994","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"viloxazine","brandName":"viloxazine","genericName":"viloxazine","approvalYear":"2021","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"mirtazapine","brandName":"mirtazapine","genericName":"mirtazapine","approvalYear":"1996","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"bupropion","brandName":"bupropion","genericName":"bupropion","approvalYear":"1985","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"venlafaxine","brandName":"venlafaxine","genericName":"venlafaxine","approvalYear":"1993","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"milnacipran","brandName":"milnacipran","genericName":"milnacipran","approvalYear":"2009","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"duloxetine","brandName":"duloxetine","genericName":"duloxetine","approvalYear":"2004","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"006415","UNII":"Z4501GN13G","CHEBI":"CHEBI:92338","INN_ID":"5902","RXNORM":"47111","UMLSCUI":"C0106291","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL1192517","KEGG_DRUG":"D01793","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB13550","PUBCHEM_CID":"2377","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"11742","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"62232-46-6","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C031906"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"pharmacokinetics":{"source":"DrugCentral","bioavailability":"13%"},"publicationCount":109,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"N06AX08","allCodes":["N06AX08"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2025 Jul 1","pmid":"40597604","title":"The promotion of liver vitamin metabolism is of great significance for laying hens during fasting.","journal":"BMC genomics"},{"date":"2024 Sep","pmid":"40012744","title":"Uncovering the Elusive Structures and Mechanisms of Prevalent Antidepressants.","journal":"Advanced therapeutics"},{"date":"2022 May 6","pmid":"35471895","title":"Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Sb-Aryl Stibines with Halogenomethyl Arenes to Give Unsymmetirc Diarylmethanes.","journal":"Organic letters"},{"date":"2021 Mar","pmid":"33550209","title":"Dopamine controls neuronal spontaneous calcium oscillations via astrocytic signal.","journal":"Cell calcium"},{"date":"2019 Jun","pmid":"31211282","title":"The emergence of new antidepressants for clinical use: Agomelatine paradox versus other novel agents.","journal":"IBRO reports"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"4-(O-Benzylphenoxy)-N-Methylbutylamine is a small molecule. It is also known by the synonyms BIFEMELANE, BIFEMELANE, and BIFEMELANO.","enrichmentLevel":5,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T11:15:14.046666+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":2}}