{"id":"benzthiazide","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"benzthiazide","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Solute carrier family 12 member 3","category":"target"},{"label":"SLC12A3","category":"gene"},{"label":"KCNMA1","category":"gene"},{"label":"CA1","category":"gene"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Mature","category":"status"},{"label":"Ah Robins Inc","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1960s","category":"decade"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/dofetilide","drug":"dofetilide","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Dofetilide","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"dofetilide"},{"url":"/drug/lithium","drug":"lithium","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Lithium","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"lithium"}],"contraindications":["Calculus in biliary tract","Chronic disease of respiratory system","Chronic heart failure","Conduction disorder of the heart","Depressive disorder","Electroconvulsive therapy","Epilepsy","Kidney disease","Peptic ulcer","Suicidal thoughts","Ulcerative colitis"]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Ah Robins Inc","patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"dihydrex","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["benzthiazide","benzothiazide","dihydrex","lemazide"],"timeline":[{"date":"1960-10-14","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Ah Robins Inc)"}],"aiSummary":"Dihydrex (BENZTHIAZIDE) is a small molecule drug in the benzthiazide class, originally developed by AH ROBINS INC and currently owned by the same company. It targets the solute carrier family 12 member 3 and was FDA approved in 1960 for treatment of hypertension. As an off-patent medication, Dihydrex is available as a generic product from a single manufacturer. Key safety considerations include its bioavailability of 25%. Dihydrex is used to treat hypertension.","brandName":"Dihydrex","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1, Carbonic anhydrase 1, Carbonic anhydrase 2","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"SLC12A3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Solute carrier family 12 member 3","protein":"Solute carrier family 12 member 3"},{"gene":"KCNMA1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1","protein":"Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1"},{"gene":"CA1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 1","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 1"},{"gene":"CA2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 2","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 2"},{"gene":"CA4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Carbonic anhydrase 4","protein":"Carbonic anhydrase 4"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"benzthiazide","explanation":"Think of it like a sponge: when you squeeze a sponge, water comes out. Dihydrex helps the kidneys squeeze out excess sodium and water, which can help lower blood pressure. This is especially helpful for people with high blood pressure, as it can reduce the strain on the heart and blood vessels.","oneSentence":"Dihydrex works by inhibiting the sodium-chloride cotransporter in the kidneys, reducing sodium reabsorption and increasing sodium excretion.","technicalDetail":"Dihydrex acts as a competitive inhibitor of the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidneys, reducing sodium reabsorption and increasing sodium excretion, which leads to a decrease in blood volume and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1960","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1960-10-14, AH ROBINS INC)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/332","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=BENZTHIAZIDE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=BENZTHIAZIDE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T08:53:11.282170","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"acetazolamide","drugSlug":"acetazolamide","fdaApproval":"1953-07-27","genericCount":29,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"acetohydroxamic acid","drugSlug":"acetohydroxamic-acid","fdaApproval":"1983-05-31","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"bendroflumethiazide","drugSlug":"bendroflumethiazide","fdaApproval":"1959-12-07","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"bortezomib","drugSlug":"bortezomib","fdaApproval":"2003-05-13","patentExpiry":"Sep 23, 2042","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"brinzolamide","drugSlug":"brinzolamide","fdaApproval":"1998-04-01","genericCount":3,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"cefuroxime","drugSlug":"cefuroxime","fdaApproval":"1983-10-19","genericCount":10,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"celecoxib","drugSlug":"celecoxib","fdaApproval":"1998-12-31","patentExpiry":"May 27, 2036","patentStatus":"Patent 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patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"acetazolamide","brandName":"acetazolamide","genericName":"acetazolamide","approvalYear":"1953","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"acetohydroxamic-acid","brandName":"acetohydroxamic acid","genericName":"acetohydroxamic acid","approvalYear":"1983","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"bendroflumethiazide","brandName":"bendroflumethiazide","genericName":"bendroflumethiazide","approvalYear":"1959","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"bortezomib","brandName":"bortezomib","genericName":"bortezomib","approvalYear":"2003","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"brinzolamide","brandName":"brinzolamide","genericName":"brinzolamide","approvalYear":"1998","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"cefuroxime","brandName":"cefuroxime","genericName":"cefuroxime","approvalYear":"1983","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"celecoxib","brandName":"celecoxib","genericName":"celecoxib","approvalYear":"1998","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"chlorothiazide","brandName":"chlorothiazide","genericName":"chlorothiazide","approvalYear":"1958","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"chlortalidone","brandName":"chlortalidone","genericName":"chlortalidone","approvalYear":"1960","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"cianidanol","brandName":"cianidanol","genericName":"cianidanol","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07444580","phase":"PHASE1","title":"PrP-targeting siRNA Safety & Mechanism Study","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard","startDate":"2026-04","conditions":["Prion Disease"],"enrollment":30,"completionDate":"2029-08-14"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{},"_patentsChecked":true,"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000179049","MMSL":"4263","NDDF":"002298","UNII":"1TD8J48L61","VUID":"4018417","CHEBI":"CHEBI:3047","VANDF":"4018417","INN_ID":"944","RXNORM":"19008","UMLSCUI":"C0053245","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL1201039","KEGG_DRUG":"D00651","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB00562","PUBCHEM_CID":"2343","SNOMEDCT_US":"400874008","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"7125","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C004463"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[{"period":"1960-","companyName":"Ah Robins Inc","relationship":"Original 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