{"id":"benperidol","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"benperidol","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"D(2) dopamine receptor","category":"target"},{"label":"DRD2","category":"gene"},{"label":"DRD3","category":"gene"},{"label":"HTR2A","category":"gene"},{"label":"N05AD07","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Antisocial behavior","category":"indication"},{"label":"Antipsychotic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Depressants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dopamine Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dopamine Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Psychotropic Drugs","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Tranquilizing Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"discontinued","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":138.319,"date":"","count":33,"signal":"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 33 times (LLR=138)"},{"llr":103.25,"date":"","count":18,"signal":"Psychotic symptom","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 18 times (LLR=103)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome","drugRate":"LLR 138","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Psychotic symptom","drugRate":"LLR 103","severity":"common"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"frenactil","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["benperidol","benzoperidol","benzperidol","frenactil","frenactyl","glianimon"],"timeline":[{"date":"1965-01-01","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"YEAR INTRODUCED approval"}],"brandName":"Frenactil","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Antisocial behavior","otherDrugs":[],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"D(2) dopamine receptor","targets":[{"gene":"DRD2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"D(2) dopamine receptor","protein":"D(2) dopamine receptor"},{"gene":"DRD3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"D(3) dopamine receptor","protein":"D(3) dopamine receptor"},{"gene":"HTR2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A","protein":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A"},{"gene":"DRD4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"D(4) dopamine receptor","protein":"D(4) dopamine receptor"},{"gene":"KCNH2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2","protein":"Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2"},{"gene":"SIGMAR1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1","protein":"Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"benperidol","explanation":"Think of dopamine as a messenger that helps us feel pleasure and motivation. When Frenactil blocks dopamine at the D(2) receptor, it can help reduce impulsive and aggressive behavior. This is because the D(2) receptor is involved in regulating the brain's reward system and impulse control.","oneSentence":"Frenactil works by blocking the action of dopamine at the D(2) receptor, which is involved in regulating behavior and motivation.","technicalDetail":"Frenactil acts as a selective antagonist at the D(2) dopamine receptor, which is a subtype of dopamine receptor that plays a key role in regulating behavior and motivation. By blocking the action of dopamine at this receptor, Frenactil can help reduce the symptoms of antisocial behavior."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/312","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=BENPERIDOL","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=BENPERIDOL","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T08:56:03.641746","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"haloperidol","drugSlug":"haloperidol","fdaApproval":"1967-04-12","genericCount":20,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"droperidol","drugSlug":"droperidol","fdaApproval":"1970-06-11","genericCount":10,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"lumateperone","drugSlug":"lumateperone","fdaApproval":"2019-12-20","patentExpiry":"Oct 27, 2039","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"benperidol","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Antisocial behavior","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":60814007,"regulator":"FDA"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"haloperidol","brandName":"haloperidol","genericName":"haloperidol","approvalYear":"1967","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"droperidol","brandName":"droperidol","genericName":"droperidol","approvalYear":"1970","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"lumateperone","brandName":"lumateperone","genericName":"lumateperone","approvalYear":"2019","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT02435095","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Antipsychotic Induced Structural and Functional Brain Changes","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"RWTH Aachen University","startDate":"2015-05","conditions":["Schizophrenia"],"enrollment":174,"completionDate":"2020-08"},{"nctId":"NCT02307396","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Evaluation of the Necessity of Long-term Pharmacological Treatment With Antipsychotics in Schizophrenic Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Technical University of Munich","startDate":"2015-02-01","conditions":["Schizophrenia","Schizophrenia and Disorders With Psychotic Features","Schizoaffective Disorders"],"enrollment":21,"completionDate":"2016-06-22"},{"nctId":"NCT02374567","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Pharmacovigilance in Gerontopsychiatric Patients","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Hannover Medical School","startDate":"2015-01","conditions":["Dementia","Depression","Schizophrenia","Psychosomatic Disorders","Anxiety Disorders"],"enrollment":407,"completionDate":"2017-06-28"},{"nctId":"NCT01323205","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Investigation of the Safety, Tolerability and Potential Therapeutic Effects of JNJ-40411813 in Patients With Schizophrenia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC","startDate":"2011-05","conditions":["Schizophrenia"],"enrollment":100,"completionDate":"2012-12"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000166794","NDDF":"003934","UNII":"97O6X78C53","CHEBI":"CHEBI:93403","INN_ID":"1577","RXNORM":"1373","UMLSCUI":"C0005013","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL297302","KEGG_DRUG":"D02627","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB12867","PUBCHEM_CID":"16363","SNOMEDCT_US":"321391002","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"9215","MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI":"D001544"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"pharmacokinetics":{"source":"DrugCentral","halfLife":"5.8 hours","clearance":"8.3 mL/min/kg","bioavailability":"40%","volumeOfDistribution":"3.8 L/kg"},"publicationCount":149,"therapeuticAreas":["Pain"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"N05AD07","allCodes":["N05AD07"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"discontinued","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Frenactil, also known as benperidol, is a small molecule medication that targets the D(2) dopamine receptor. It is used to treat antisocial behavior and is classified as a benperidol drug. The commercial status of Frenactil is unknown, but it is not FDA-approved. Key safety considerations include its half-life of 5.8 hours and bioavailability of 40%. Frenactil's effectiveness and safety profile are not well-documented.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}