{"id":"bcg-solution","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"40-60","effect":"Dysuria (painful urination)"},{"rate":"40-60","effect":"Urinary frequency"},{"rate":"20-40","effect":"Hematuria (blood in urine)"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Fever"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Malaise"},{"rate":"<1","effect":"BCG sepsis (rare but serious)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL2108905","moleculeType":"Vaccine component"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"BCG works as an immunotherapy by activating innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. When instilled directly into the bladder, it triggers local inflammation and recruits immune cells (T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells) that recognize and eliminate malignant urothelial cells. This mechanism has made BCG the gold standard for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment for decades.","oneSentence":"BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is a live attenuated mycobacterium that stimulates the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells, particularly in the bladder.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:20:30.580Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), including carcinoma in situ (CIS)"},{"name":"High-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07495072","phase":"NA","title":"Early vs Delayed Intravesical Blad-Care During BCG Therapy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"BLAD-HYA Group","startDate":"2025-11-03","conditions":"Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, BCG-Induced Cystitis","enrollment":56},{"nctId":"NCT03091660","phase":"PHASE3","title":"S1602: Different Strains of BCG With or Without Vaccine in High Grade Non- Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"SWOG Cancer Research Network","startDate":"2017-02-24","conditions":"Stage 0 Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Stage 0is Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Stage I Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma","enrollment":1000},{"nctId":"NCT05547464","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Safety and Immune Responses After Vaccination With Two Investigational RNA-based Vaccines Against Tuberculosis in BCG Vaccinated Volunteers","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"BioNTech SE","startDate":"2023-07-31","conditions":"Tuberculosis","enrollment":497},{"nctId":"NCT07474519","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Studying the Relationship of Patient Positioning and Intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin Dwell Time to Improve the Treatment of Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center","startDate":"2026-02-26","conditions":"Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT07000084","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Testing the Addition of an Anti-Cancer Drug, Gemcitabine, to Usual Treatment (BCG Alone) in People Whose Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Came Back After Prior BCG Therapy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology","startDate":"2025-07-17","conditions":"Recurrent Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma, Stage 0a Bladder Cancer AJCC v8, Stage I Bladder Cancer AJCC v8","enrollment":330},{"nctId":"NCT05537038","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Safety and Immune Responses After Vaccination With Two Investigational RNA-based Vaccines Against Tuberculosis in Healthy Volunteers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"BioNTech SE","startDate":"2023-04-18","conditions":"Tuberculosis","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT07231809","phase":"NA","title":"Hyperthermic Intravesical Chemotherapy (HIVEC) in BCG-Non-Responsive High-Grade NMIBC Patients","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"AC.TA. 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Cancer","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT04328441","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Reducing Health Care Workers Absenteeism in Covid-19 Pandemic Through BCG Vaccine","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"UMC Utrecht","startDate":"2020-03-25","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":1511},{"nctId":"NCT04109092","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Study of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Agonist E7766 in Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Including Participants Unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Therapy, INPUT-102","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Eisai Inc.","startDate":"2020-02-13","conditions":"Urinary Bladder Neoplasms","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT04648800","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effect of BCG Vaccination on the Incidence and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Hanna Czajka","startDate":"2020-07-07","conditions":"Covid19, BCG Vaccination Reaction, 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Used for Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), including carcinoma in situ (CIS), High-grade urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":3,"withResults":2},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}