{"id":"barbital","rwe":[{"pmid":"41246410","year":"2025","title":"Whole blood cholinesterase activity in humans and ruminants: Comparison using a modified electrometric method.","finding":"","journal":"Open veterinary journal","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40293196","year":"2025","title":"Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspective.","finding":"","journal":"IUCrJ","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39189150","year":"2024","title":"Barbital-derived chelating ligands for interface regulation and stabilization of Zn metal anodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.","finding":"","journal":"Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39111846","year":"2024","title":"Elucidation of Degradation Behavior of Barbiturates in Artificial Gastric Juice: Study on Degradability of Drugs in Stomach (V).","finding":"","journal":"Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"38781737","year":"2024","title":"Conventional and novel anti-seizure medications reveal a particular role for GABA(A) in a North Sea progressive myoclonus Epilepsy Drosophila model.","finding":"","journal":"Epilepsy research","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"barbital","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"N05CA04","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Insomnia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Depressants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"GABA Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"GABA Modulators","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Hypnotics and Sedatives","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"veronal","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["barbital sodium","sodium diethylbarbiturate","barbital","barbitone","diethylbarbitone","diethylbarbituric acid","diethylmalonylurea","ethylbarbital","veronal"],"timeline":[],"brandName":"Veronal","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Insomnia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"amobarbital","slug":"amobarbital","company":""},{"name":"choline","slug":"choline","company":""},{"name":"daridorexant","slug":"daridorexant","company":"Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd"},{"name":"diphenhydramine","slug":"diphenhydramine","company":"Mcneil Cons"}],"globalPrevalence":750000000}],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"barbital","explanation":"Imagine your brain is like a busy city with lots of noise and activity. GABA is like a calming police officer that helps to quiet down the city and make it easier to sleep. Veronal helps GABA do its job more effectively, making it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep.","oneSentence":"Veronal works by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA, which helps to calm the brain and induce sleep.","technicalDetail":"Veronal acts as a barbiturate, which means it enhances the activity of GABA by increasing its binding affinity to GABA receptors, leading to an increase in chloride ion influx and a subsequent decrease in neuronal excitability."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/289","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=BARBITAL","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=BARBITAL","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T08:54:37.331354","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"pentobarbital","drugSlug":"pentobarbital","fdaApproval":"1973-09-19","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"amobarbital","drugSlug":"amobarbital","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"secobarbital","drugSlug":"secobarbital","fdaApproval":"1950-07-19","genericCount":19,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic 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2023"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"pentobarbital","brandName":"pentobarbital","genericName":"pentobarbital","approvalYear":"1973","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"amobarbital","brandName":"amobarbital","genericName":"amobarbital","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"secobarbital","brandName":"secobarbital","genericName":"secobarbital","approvalYear":"1950","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"talbutal","brandName":"talbutal","genericName":"talbutal","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methohexital","brandName":"methohexital","genericName":"methohexital","approvalYear":"1960","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"thiopental","brandName":"thiopental","genericName":"thiopental","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04142710","phase":"NA","title":"Pragmatic Randomized Control Trial of Telehealth vs Standard Care in Follow-up of 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Disorder"],"enrollment":732,"completionDate":"2021-06-30"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000147286","NDDF":"001404","UNII":"5WZ53ENE2P","VUID":"4019012","CHEBI":"CHEBI:31252","VANDF":"4007495","INN_ID":"379","RXNORM":"1325","UMLSCUI":"C0004743","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL444","KEGG_DRUG":"D01740","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB01483","PUBCHEM_CID":"2294","SNOMEDCT_US":"111124009","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"144-02-5","MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI":"D001462"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"N05CA04","allCodes":["N05CA04"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2025","pmid":"41246410","title":"Whole blood cholinesterase activity in humans and ruminants: Comparison using a modified electrometric method.","journal":"Open veterinary journal"},{"date":"2025 May 1","pmid":"40293196","title":"Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspective.","journal":"IUCrJ"},{"date":"2024 Sep 10","pmid":"39189150","title":"Barbital-derived chelating ligands for interface regulation and stabilization of Zn metal anodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.","journal":"Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)"},{"date":"2024","pmid":"39111846","title":"Elucidation of Degradation Behavior of Barbiturates in Artificial Gastric Juice: Study on Degradability of Drugs in Stomach (V).","journal":"Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin"},{"date":"2024 Jul","pmid":"38781737","title":"Conventional and novel anti-seizure medications reveal a particular role for GABA(A) in a North Sea progressive myoclonus Epilepsy Drosophila model.","journal":"Epilepsy research"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Veronal is a small molecule with the synonym Barbital Sodium, and it has been studied in various clinical trials for conditions such as chronic disease, diabetes, vascular diseases, chronic lung disease, and cancer. These trials have compared telemedicine interventions, including the use of tablets and possibly tools for measurements, to standard care.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":false,"trials":true,"score":3}}