{"id":"bacille-calmette-guerin-bcg","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Local injection site reactions (erythema, induration)"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Fever"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Lymphadenitis"},{"rate":"<0.1","effect":"BCG-itis (disseminated infection, rare)"},{"rate":"20-40","effect":"Dysuria (intravesical administration)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL2108905","moleculeType":"Vaccine component"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"BCG activates dendritic cells and macrophages through pattern recognition receptors, promoting Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and enhancing natural killer cell activity. In bladder cancer, intravesical BCG directly stimulates local immune responses against urothelial carcinoma cells. BCG also has broader immunomodulatory effects that may enhance resistance to infections and reduce mortality from infectious diseases in vaccinated populations.","oneSentence":"BCG is a live attenuated mycobacterial vaccine that stimulates innate and adaptive immune responses to enhance anti-tumor and anti-infectious immunity.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:42:49.992Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Tuberculosis prevention"},{"name":"Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (intravesical therapy)"},{"name":"Reduction of infectious disease mortality in low-income settings"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06845358","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Safety and Challenge Study of BCG TICE(R) Vaccination to Test Tuberculosis Immunity in Heathy Humans","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2025-11-26","conditions":"Tuberculosis","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT04152161","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) Revaccination of Healthy Adolescents for the Prevention of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Sustained Infection","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Gates Medical Research Institute","startDate":"2019-10-16","conditions":"Tuberculosis","enrollment":1836},{"nctId":"NCT04884308","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Vaccine for Immune Protection Against Infections","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Johns Hopkins University","startDate":"2021-04-28","conditions":"Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchiectasis Adult, Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT05410730","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"A Study of SHR-1501 Alone or in Combination With BCG or SHR-1316 in Subjects With NMIBC","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2022-11-23","conditions":"High-risk NMIBC","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT03888924","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine In Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"S. 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Used for Tuberculosis prevention, Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (intravesical therapy), Reduction of infectious disease mortality in low-income settings.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}