{"id":"atropine-sulfate-and-epinephrine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Tachycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypertension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Anxiety"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dry mouth"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Mydriasis (dilated pupils)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Arrhythmias"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Atropine sulfate is an anticholinergic agent that antagonizes muscarinic receptors, reducing salivation, bronchial secretions, and vagal effects on the heart. Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic amine that activates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, increasing cardiac output, blood pressure, and bronchial dilation. This combination is used in emergency settings to counteract severe parasympathomimetic poisoning or anaphylaxis.","oneSentence":"Atropine blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to reduce parasympathetic effects, while epinephrine stimulates adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate and blood pressure.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:28:00.283Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Organophosphate or carbamate poisoning"},{"name":"Anaphylaxis"},{"name":"Severe bradycardia with hypotension"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04766554","phase":"NA","title":"Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Monitoring In Cardiac Surgery (COSMICS)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia de Laranjeiras","startDate":"2021-05-19","conditions":"Cardiac Disease, Cognitive Dysfunction","enrollment":326},{"nctId":"NCT03030417","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Indenoisoquinoline LMP744 in Adults With Relapsed Solid Tumors and Lymphomas","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","startDate":"2017-02-27","conditions":"Solid Tumors, Lymphoma","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT02726620","phase":"NA","title":"Decision Support for Intraoperative Low Blood Pressure","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","startDate":"2017-01-05","conditions":"Hypotension","enrollment":22435},{"nctId":"NCT02872597","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Phase I, Placebo-Controlled, Blinded Pilot Study of Ipratropium in Children Admitted to the ICU With Status Asthmaticus","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center","startDate":"2016-09-05","conditions":"Status Asthmaticus","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT03638726","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Subconjunctival Atropine and Intracameral Epinephrine for Pupil Dilation in Phacoemulsification","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Dar El Oyoun Hospital","startDate":"2018-09-28","conditions":"Cataract, Mydriasis, Adverse Drug Event","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03671070","phase":"NA","title":"Role of Low Dose Epinephrine Boluses In Acute Hypotension","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2019-01-01","conditions":"Hypotension and Shock","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT00920244","phase":"","title":"In-hospital Cardiac Arrest - Dynamics and State Transitions","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"St. Olavs Hospital","startDate":"2009-08","conditions":"Heart Arrest, Death, Sudden, Cardiac","enrollment":285},{"nctId":"NCT02752308","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Effectiveness of Caudal Epidural Block on Intraoperative Blood Loss During Hypospadias Repair","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2014-09","conditions":"Hypospadias","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT00121524","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Effects of Epinephrine and Intravenous (I.V.) Needle on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Outcome","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Petter Andreas Steen","startDate":"2003-01","conditions":"Cardiac Arrest","enrollment":904}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Atropine (Misr.co), Epinephrine (Misr.co)"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Atropine sulfate and epinephrine","genericName":"Atropine sulfate and epinephrine","companyName":"Dar El Oyoun Hospital","companyId":"dar-el-oyoun-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Atropine blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to reduce parasympathetic effects, while epinephrine stimulates adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate and blood pressure. Used for Organophosphate or carbamate poisoning, Anaphylaxis, Severe bradycardia with hypotension.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}