{"id":"atropin","rwe":[{"pmid":"30000531","year":"2006","title":"Atropine.","finding":"","journal":"","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"36741850","year":"2022","title":"Bradycardia unresponded to atropin testing was successfully treated with therapeutic plasma exchange in a patient with severe COVID-19 complicated by Guillain-Barré syndrome: A case report.","finding":"","journal":"Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"36386327","year":"2022","title":"Incidence, recurrence and management of electrical storm in Brugada syndrome.","finding":"","journal":"Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"32821460","year":"2019","title":"Comparison of General Anesthesia with Spinal Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Operations.","finding":"","journal":"Medeniyet medical journal","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"29954446","year":"2018","title":"The benefit of combinations of oximes for the ability of antidotal treatment to counteract sarin-induced brain damage in rats.","finding":"","journal":"BMC pharmacology & toxicology","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"2c60c991-c9fb-3100-e063-6394a90aae57","set_id":"edeead06-a25e-58c4-e053-2a95a90a6a06","openfda":{"nui":["N0000185365","N0000175629","N0000184306","N0000185001","M0028968","M0000728"],"unii":["S7V92P67HO","03J5ZE7KA5","535787266D","IDB0NAZ6AI","62I3C8233L","2166IN72UN","1PIP394IID"],"route":["ORAL"],"spl_id":["2c60c991-c9fb-3100-e063-6394a90aae57"],"brand_name":["Bestmade Natural Products BM26"],"spl_set_id":["edeead06-a25e-58c4-e053-2a95a90a6a06"],"package_ndc":["82969-2026-1"],"product_ndc":["82969-2026"],"generic_name":["ARSENIC ALBD7, ATROPIN SULPHD6, BLATTA ORID3, GRINDELIAD3, IPECACD6, NAPHTHALINUMD7, SPONGIA TOSTAD4"],"product_type":["HUMAN OTC DRUG"],"pharm_class_cs":["Insect Proteins [CS]","Allergens [CS]"],"pharm_class_pe":["Increased Histamine Release [PE]","Cell-mediated Immunity [PE]","Increased IgG Production [PE]"],"substance_name":["ARSENIC TRIOXIDE","ATROPINE SULFATE","BLATTA ORIENTALIS","GRINDELIA HIRSUTULA FLOWERING TOP","IPECAC","NAPHTHALENE","SPONGIA OFFICINALIS SKELETON, ROASTED"],"pharm_class_epc":["Non-Standardized Insect Allergenic Extract [EPC]"],"manufacturer_name":["Bestmade Natural Products"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"purpose":["Uses Temporarily relieves occasional respiratory allergies, chest tightness, wheezing, bluish skin, exhaustion, grunting respiration, and restlessness.* *CLAIMS BASED ON TRADITIONAL HOMEOPATHIC PRACTICE, NOT ACCEPTED MEDICAL EVIDENCE, NOT FDA EVALUATED. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease."],"version":"3","warnings":["Warnings and Storage: Ask a professional before use if pregnant or breastfeeding or if you have severe symptoms. Keep away from children. If you have a reaction to this product that is not positive, discontinue use. Store in a cool and dry place. *CLAIMS BASED ON TRADITIONAL HOMEOPATHIC PRACTICE, NOT ACCEPTED MEDICAL EVIDENCE, NOT FDA EVALUATED. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease."],"effective_time":"20250123","active_ingredient":["Active Ingredients: Arsenic AlbD7(Arsenicum Album), Atropin SulphD6(Atropine Sulphate), Blatta oriD3, GrindeliaD3(Gumweed), IpecacD6, NaphthalinumD7(Naphthalene), Spongia TostaD4"],"inactive_ingredient":["Ingredients Inactive: Alcohol Base to Preserve Remedy"],"indications_and_usage":["Uses Temporarily relieves occasional respiratory allergies, chest tightness, wheezing, bluish skin, exhaustion, grunting respiration, and restlessness.* *CLAIMS BASED ON TRADITIONAL HOMEOPATHIC PRACTICE, NOT ACCEPTED MEDICAL EVIDENCE, NOT FDA EVALUATED. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease."],"dosage_and_administration":["How to Use Mix with half a cup of water 3-4 times per day. Ages 12 or older, 10 drops. Ages 12-2, 5 drops. Ages 2 and under, consult your Doctor."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Bestmade Natural Products BM26 Arsenic AlbD7, Atropin SulphD6, Blatta oriD3, GrindeliaD3, IpecacD6, NaphthalinumD7, Spongia TostaD4 ALCOHOL SPONGIA OFFICINALIS SKELETON, ROASTED SPONGIA OFFICINALIS SKELETON, ROASTED NAPHTHALENE NAPHTHALENE GRINDELIA HIRSUTULA FLOWERING TOP GRINDELIA HIRSUTULA FLOWERING TOP ARSENIC TRIOXIDE ARSENIC CATION (3+) ATROPINE SULFATE ATROPINE BLATTA ORIENTALIS BLATTA ORIENTALIS IPECAC IPECAC TASTELESS LIQUID CLEAR LIQUID"],"keep_out_of_reach_of_children":["Warnings and Storage: Ask a professional before use if pregnant or breastfeeding or if you have severe symptoms. Keep away from children. If you have a reaction to this product that is not positive, discontinue use. Store in a cool and dry place."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["Entire package label bm26"]},"tags":[{"label":"Anticholinergic","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3","category":"target"},{"label":"CHRM3","category":"gene"},{"label":"CHRM4","category":"gene"},{"label":"CHRM1","category":"gene"},{"label":"A03BA01","category":"atc"},{"label":"Oral","category":"route"},{"label":"Intramuscular","category":"route"},{"label":"Endotracheal","category":"route"},{"label":"Elixir","category":"form"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Established","category":"status"},{"label":"Perioperative Mydriasis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Alcon Labs Inc","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1960s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Adjuvants, Anesthesia","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Arrhythmia Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Asthmatic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Bronchodilator Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cholinergic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cholinergic Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Muscarinic Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Mydriatics","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Parasympatholytics","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Respiratory System Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"llr":220.855,"date":"","count":773,"signal":"Death","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 773 times (LLR=221)"},{"llr":203.374,"date":"","count":98,"signal":"Stress cardiomyopathy","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 98 times (LLR=203)"},{"llr":168.975,"date":"","count":253,"signal":"Bradycardia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 253 times (LLR=169)"},{"llr":164.136,"date":"","count":139,"signal":"Therapy interrupted","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 139 times (LLR=164)"},{"llr":156.376,"date":"","count":276,"signal":"Cardiac arrest","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 276 times (LLR=156)"},{"llr":136.661,"date":"","count":105,"signal":"Macular degeneration","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 105 times (LLR=137)"},{"llr":130.82,"date":"","count":54,"signal":"Anticholinergic syndrome","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 54 times (LLR=131)"},{"llr":121.234,"date":"","count":327,"signal":"Dehydration","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 327 times (LLR=121)"},{"llr":104.529,"date":"","count":439,"signal":"Hypotension","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 439 times (LLR=105)"},{"llr":97.105,"date":"","count":40,"signal":"Hyperthermia malignant","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 40 times (LLR=97)"},{"llr":95.426,"date":"","count":774,"signal":"Diarrhoea","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 774 times (LLR=95)"},{"llr":95.026,"date":"","count":106,"signal":"Therapy cessation","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 106 times (LLR=95)"},{"llr":93.327,"date":"","count":72,"signal":"Hyperthermia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 72 times (LLR=93)"},{"llr":91.915,"date":"","count":107,"signal":"Arthralgia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 107 times (LLR=92)"},{"llr":90.786,"date":"","count":24,"signal":"Drug intolerance","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 24 times (LLR=91)"}],"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/cisapride","drug":"cisapride","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Atropine, Cisapride","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"cisapride"},{"url":"/drug/pramlintide","drug":"pramlintide","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Atropine, Pramlintide","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"pramlintide"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Drowsiness","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Sedation","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Vomiting","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Abdominal discomfort","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Anorexia","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Restlessness","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Confusion","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Malaise/lethargy","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Depression","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Euphoria","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Numbness of extremities","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Dryness of skin and mucous membranes","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Flushing","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Urinary retention","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Tachycardia","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Pruritus","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Urticaria","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""}],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Reproduction studies performed in mice revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to atropine.","Geriatric use":"Elderly patients may react with symptoms of excitement, agitation, drowsiness, and other untoward manifestations to even small doses of the drug. Dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range.","Paediatric use":"The safety and effectiveness of diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate tablets have been established in pediatric patients 13 years of age and older. Contraindicated in pediatric patients less than 13 years of age.","Hepatic impairment":"Dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function"},"seriousAdverseEvents":[{"effect":"Respiratory and/or CNS depression","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Toxic megacolon","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Paralytic ileus","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Megacolon","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Pancreatitis","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Anaphylaxis","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Angioneurotic edema","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hallucination","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hyperthermia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Alcon Labs Inc","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Atropin","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:31.859946+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:37.564751+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Atropin","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:37.917703+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:30.454837+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:30.454879+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:30.454886+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL4557433/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:38.650612+00:00"}},"allNames":"enlon-plus","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["atropine","(+/-)-Atropine","atropin","atropinum sulphuricum","DL-Hyoscyamine","tropine tropate","atropine sulfate"],"timeline":[{"date":"1960-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from GD SEARLE LLC to Alcon Labs Inc"},{"date":"1960-09-15","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Gd Searle Llc)"},{"date":"1990-09-19","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Atropine Sulfate approved — EQ 0.36MG BASE/INH"},{"date":"2001-07-09","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Atropine Sulfate approved — 0.25MG/5ML (0.05MG/ML)"},{"date":"2014-07-18","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Atropine Sulfate approved — 1%"},{"date":"2018-01-26","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Atropine Sulfate approved — 8MG/20ML (0.4MG/ML)"},{"date":"2020-09-29","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Atropine Sulfate approved — 0.4MG/ML (0.4MG/ML)"},{"date":"2022-03-15","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Atropine Sulfate approved — 1%"},{"date":"2024-04-29","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Generic entry — 9 manufacturers approved"}],"aiSummary":"Enlon-Plus (Atropin) is a small molecule anticholinergic medication originally developed by GD Searle LLC and currently owned by Alcon Labs Inc. It targets the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 to treat perioperative mydriasis. Enlon-Plus is off-patent and has multiple generic manufacturers. It has a half-life of 4.1 hours and bioavailability of 50%. The medication has been FDA-approved since 1960.","brandName":"Enlon-Plus","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Perioperative Mydriasis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"cyclopentolate","slug":"cyclopentolate","company":"Alcon Labs Inc"},{"name":"homatropine","slug":"homatropine","company":""},{"name":"scopolamine","slug":"scopolamine","company":"Novartis"},{"name":"tropicamide","slug":"tropicamide","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"CHRM3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3"},{"gene":"CHRM4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4"},{"gene":"CHRM1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1"},{"gene":"CHRM5","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5"},{"gene":"CHRM2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2"},{"gene":"HTR2C","source":"DrugCentral","target":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C","protein":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C"},{"gene":"ADRA1D","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"HRH1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Histamine H1 receptor","protein":"Histamine H1 receptor"},{"gene":"HTR2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A","protein":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A"},{"gene":"SLC22A1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Solute carrier family 22 member 1","protein":"Solute carrier family 22 member 1"}],"moaClass":"Cholinergic Antagonists","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Non-Standardized Insect Allergenic Extract [EPC]","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Enlon-Plus acts as a competitive antagonist at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system's effect on the iris sphincter muscle, resulting in mydriasis."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1960","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1960-09-15, GD SEARLE LLC)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/260","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Atropin","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Atropin","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange 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Mydriasis","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"No patient eligibility criteria specified"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"currentOwner":"Alcon Labs Inc","drugCategory":"established","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"amfetamine","brandName":"amfetamine","genericName":"amfetamine","approvalYear":"1955","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"amiodarone","brandName":"amiodarone","genericName":"amiodarone","approvalYear":"1985","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"amisulpride","brandName":"amisulpride","genericName":"amisulpride","approvalYear":"2020","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"amitraz","brandName":"amitraz","genericName":"amitraz","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"amitriptyline","brandName":"amitriptyline","genericName":"amitriptyline","approvalYear":"1961","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"amlodipine","brandName":"amlodipine","genericName":"amlodipine","approvalYear":"1992","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"amoxapine","brandName":"amoxapine","genericName":"amoxapine","approvalYear":"1980","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"apomorphine","brandName":"apomorphine","genericName":"apomorphine","approvalYear":"2004","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"apraclonidine","brandName":"apraclonidine","genericName":"apraclonidine","approvalYear":"1987","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"aripiprazole","brandName":"aripiprazole","genericName":"aripiprazole","approvalYear":"2002","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07309393","phase":"NA","title":"Impact 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