{"id":"artemisinin-naphthoquine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Vomiting"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Abdominal pain"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Artemisinin is activated by ferrous iron in Plasmodium parasites, creating free radicals that cause oxidative damage to parasite proteins and lipids. Naphthoquine, a quinoline derivative, works synergistically by inhibiting the conversion of toxic heme to hemozoin and disrupting the parasite's mitochondrial electron transport chain. This combination provides rapid parasite clearance and reduces the risk of resistance development.","oneSentence":"Artemisinin acts as an antimalarial by generating reactive oxygen species that damage parasite proteins and membranes, while naphthoquine inhibits parasite heme polymerization and electron transport.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:18:33.848Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01930331","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of ARCO","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ifakara Health Institute","startDate":"2014-01-07","conditions":"Plasmodium Falciparum, Malaria, Falciparum","enrollment":60}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":25,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["ARCO®"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"artemisinin/naphthoquine","genericName":"artemisinin/naphthoquine","companyName":"Ifakara Health Institute","companyId":"ifakara-health-institute","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Artemisinin acts as an antimalarial by generating reactive oxygen species that damage parasite proteins and membranes, while naphthoquine inhibits parasite heme polymerization and electron transport. Used for Uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}