{"id":"apomorphine","rwe":[{"pmid":"41896321","year":"2026","title":"Isotopically enriched (64)ZN-aspartate attenuates systemic inflammation and gut dysbiosis in an LPS-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease.","finding":"","journal":"Scientific reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41885703","year":"2026","title":"Degradation Kinetics of Apomorphine Hydrochloride in Buffered Formulations and the Effect of Antioxidants.","finding":"","journal":"Drug development and industrial pharmacy","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41876835","year":"2026","title":"Pharmacotherapy in Disorders of Consciousness: A Mechanism-Based Review.","finding":"","journal":"CNS drugs","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41870480","year":"2026","title":"Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome - what do we really know?","finding":"","journal":"Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41866084","year":"2026","title":"Effects of apomorphine, spinal rTMS, and BoNT on camptocormia: an exploratory wearable sensor-based analysis in a patient with MSA.","finding":"","journal":"Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"7e8f7213-7f81-14ab-e053-2991aa0a4669","set_id":"444c1f4c-dd0c-4525-bb65-c0c211c9487f","openfda":{"nui":["N0000185375","N0000175629","N0000184306","N0000185001","M0000728","M0016962","M0516536","N0000185371","M0006342","N0000185015"],"upc":["0317089406181"],"unii":["2P3VWU3H10","M6936L953C","F39049Y068","T7J046YI2B","993QHL78E6","62I3C8233L","C88X29Y479","1NM3M2487K","269XH13919","81FZ7X4MWD","T0920P9Z9A","231473QB6R"],"route":["ORAL"],"spl_id":["7e8f7213-7f81-14ab-e053-2991aa0a4669"],"brand_name":["GUNA-REFLUX"],"spl_set_id":["444c1f4c-dd0c-4525-bb65-c0c211c9487f"],"package_ndc":["17089-406-18"],"product_ndc":["17089-406"],"generic_name":["ACTIVATED CHARCOAL - AETHUSA CYNAPIUM - APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE - BRYONIA ALBA ROOT - COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE BULB - IPECAC - LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE - STRYCHNOS IGNATII SEED - STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA SEED - WATERMELON - SUS SCROFA STOMACH -"],"product_type":["HUMAN OTC DRUG"],"pharm_class_cs":["Allergens [CS]","Plant Proteins [CS]","Seed Storage Proteins [CS]","Dietary Proteins [CS]"],"pharm_class_pe":["Increased Histamine Release [PE]","Cell-mediated Immunity [PE]","Increased IgG Production [PE]"],"substance_name":["ACTIVATED CHARCOAL","AETHUSA CYNAPIUM","APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE","BRYONIA ALBA ROOT","COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE BULB","IPECAC","LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE","STRYCHNOS IGNATII SEED","STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA SEED","SUS SCROFA ESOPHAGUS","SUS SCROFA STOMACH","WATERMELON"],"pharm_class_epc":["Non-Standardized Plant Allergenic Extract [EPC]","Non-Standardized Food Allergenic Extract [EPC]"],"manufacturer_name":["Guna spa"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"purpose":["USES Temporary relief of GERD symptoms such as: Occasional heartburn Acir taste in the mouth Occasional cough at night"],"version":"3","warnings":["WARNINGS Stop use and ask doctor if symptoms persist more than 5 days. If pregnant or breast-feeding ask a health professional before use. Keep out of reach of children. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. Contains ethyl alcohol 30%"],"questions":["QUESTIONS Questions?: info@gunainc.com Tel. (484) 223-3500"],"effective_time":"20181221","active_ingredient":["ACTIVE INGREDIENTS/PURPOSE AETHUSA CYNAPIUM 4X DIGESTIVE APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE 6X PAIN RELIEF BRYONIA ALBA 4X, 10X, 30X, 200X ANTITUSSIVE CARBO VEGETALIS 12X ANTITUSSIVE CARDIA VENTRICULI 10X GAS COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE 6X ANTI-INFLAMMATORY COLOCYNTHIS 5X, 10X, 30X, 200X NERVOUS IRRITATION RELIEF ESOPHAGUS 10X DIGESTIVE IGNATIA AMARA 6X ANTISTRESS IPECACUANHA 4X ANTITUSSIVE LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM 5X, 10X, 30X, 200X DETOXIFICATION NUX VOMICA 4X, 10X, 30X, 200X ACID REFLUX"],"inactive_ingredient":["Inactive ingredient: Ethyl alcohol 30%."],"indications_and_usage":["Take 15 minutes before meals"],"dosage_and_administration":["DIRECTIONS Adults and children 12 years and older 10 drops in a little water 3 times per day Children between 12 years and 6 years of age 7 drops in a little water 3 times per day Children under 6 years 5 drops in a glass of water 3 times per day"],"spl_product_data_elements":["GUNA-REFLUX ACTIVATED CHARCOAL - AETHUSA CYNAPIUM - APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE - BRYONIA ALBA ROOT - COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE BULB - IPECAC - LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE - STRYCHNOS IGNATII SEED - STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA SEED - WATERMELON - SUS SCROFA STOMACH - ALCOHOL AETHUSA CYNAPIUM AETHUSA CYNAPIUM APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE APOMORPHINE BRYONIA ALBA ROOT BRYONIA ALBA ROOT ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL SUS SCROFA STOMACH SUS SCROFA STOMACH COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE BULB COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE BULB WATERMELON WATERMELON SUS SCROFA ESOPHAGUS SUS SCROFA ESOPHAGUS STRYCHNOS IGNATII SEED STRYCHNOS IGNATII SEED IPECAC IPECAC LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA SEED STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA SEED"],"pregnancy_or_breast_feeding":["PREGNANCY If pregnant or breast-feeding ask a doctor before use"],"keep_out_of_reach_of_children":["WARNINGS"],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL 5REF00-REFLUX-REV04-05-11-18"]},"tags":[{"label":"Dopaminergic Agonist","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"D(2) dopamine receptor","category":"target"},{"label":"DRD2","category":"gene"},{"label":"DRD3","category":"gene"},{"label":"DRD1","category":"gene"},{"label":"G04BE07","category":"atc"},{"label":"Sublingual","category":"route"},{"label":"Subcutaneous","category":"route"},{"label":"Film","category":"form"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Mature","category":"status"},{"label":"Parkinson's disease","category":"indication"},{"label":"Mdd Us","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 2000s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dopamine Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dopamine Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Emetics","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Gastrointestinal Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"NAUSEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"170 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"SOMNOLENCE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"129 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DIZZINESS","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"114 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"FALL","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"111 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DYSKINESIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"109 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"FATIGUE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"94 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HYPOTENSION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"84 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"GAIT DISTURBANCE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"82 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HEADACHE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"76 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HALLUCINATION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"75 reports"}],"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/high-risk-qt-prolonging-agents","drug":"High Risk QT Prolonging Agents","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"high-risk-qt-prolonging-agents"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Infusion site nodule","drugRate":"44%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Infusion site erythema","drugRate":"17%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Somnolence","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Dyskinesia","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Insomnia","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""}],"contraindications":["Acute nephropathy","Acute vomiting","Alcohol intoxication","Alcoholism","Cerebrovascular disease","Congenital long QT syndrome","Disease of liver","Disorder of coronary artery","Drowsy","Dyskinesia","Hypokalemia","Hypomagnesemia","Impaired renal function disorder","Orthostatic hypotension","Predisposition to Nausea and Vomiting","Priapism","Progressive Angina Pectoris","Prolonged QT interval","Psychotic disorder","Severe Nausea","Torsades de pointes"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Based on animal data, may cause fetal harm. There are no adequate data on the developmental risk associated with use of apomorphine in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, apomorphine had adverse developmental effects in rats (increased neonatal deaths) and rabbits (increased incidence of malformation) when administered during pregnancy at clinically relevant doses. These doses were also associated with maternal toxicity.","Geriatric use":"In the apomorphine hydrocloride clinical development program, there were 239 patients less than age 65 treated with apomorphine hydrocloride and 311 patients who were age 65 or older. Confusion and hallucinations were reported more frequently with patients age 65 and older compared to patients with less than age 65. Serious adverse reactions (life-threatening events or events resulting in hospitalization and/or increased disability) were also more common in patients age 65 and older.","Paediatric use":"The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established."},"seriousAdverseEvents":[{"effect":"Hallucinations","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Psychotic disorder","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Impulse control disorder","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Infusion site infections","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Prolonged QT interval","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Orthostatic intolerance","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Visual hallucination","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Gait disturbance","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hypotension","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hemolytic anemia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Mdd Us","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=APOMORPHINE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:29.551770+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:35.087599+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:26.990206+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=APOMORPHINE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:35.520014+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:26.462872+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:26.462901+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:26.462907+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:37.139696+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: D2-like dopamine receptor agonist","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:36.661105+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL3187985/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:36.313346+00:00"}},"allNames":"apokyn","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["apomorphine","(-)-Apomorphine","apomorphin","L-Apomorphine","apomorphine hydrochloride","apomorphine hydrochloride hydrate","apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate","apomorphine HCl","apomorphine chloride"],"timeline":[{"date":"2004-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from US WORLDMEDS to Mdd Us"},{"date":"2004-04-20","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Us Worldmeds)"},{"date":"2020-05-21","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Kynmobi approved — 10MG"},{"date":"2022-02-23","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Generic entry — 1 manufacturer approved"},{"date":"2025-02-03","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Onapgo approved — 98MG/20ML (4.9MG/ML)"}],"aiSummary":"Apokyn (apomorphine) is a small molecule dopaminergic agonist that targets the D(2) dopamine receptor. It was originally developed by US WorldMeds and is now owned by Mdd US. Apokyn is FDA-approved for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and has a short half-life of 0.68 hours with low bioavailability of 10%. The drug is off-patent and has a generic manufacturer. Key safety considerations include its potential for inducing hypotension and hallucinations.","brandName":"Apokyn","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Parkinson's disease","otherDrugs":[{"name":"amantadine","slug":"amantadine","company":"Endo Pharms"},{"name":"benzatropine","slug":"benzatropine","company":""},{"name":"biperiden","slug":"biperiden","company":"Abbvie"},{"name":"bromocriptine","slug":"bromocriptine","company":"Us Pharms Holdings I"}],"globalPrevalence":8500000}],"mechanism":{"target":"D(2) dopamine receptor","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"DRD2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"D(2) dopamine receptor","protein":"D(2) dopamine receptor"},{"gene":"DRD3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"D(3) dopamine receptor","protein":"D(3) dopamine receptor"},{"gene":"DRD1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"D(1A) dopamine receptor","protein":"D(1A) dopamine receptor"},{"gene":"DRD4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"D(4) dopamine receptor","protein":"D(4) dopamine receptor"},{"gene":"DRD5","source":"DrugCentral","target":"D(1B) dopamine receptor","protein":"D(1B) dopamine receptor"},{"gene":"ADRA2C","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"ADRA2B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"ADRA1D","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"HTR2C","source":"DrugCentral","target":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C","protein":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C"},{"gene":"HTR2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A","protein":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A"}],"moaClass":"Dopamine Agonists","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Non-Standardized Plant Allergenic Extract [EPC]","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Apomorphine acts as a non-selective agonist at dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors, mimicking the action of endogenous dopamine and increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"2004","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 2004-04-20, US WORLDMEDS)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/228","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=APOMORPHINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=APOMORPHINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T08:49:04.470209","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:33:38.445593+00:00","fieldsConflicting":2,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"alprostadil","drugSlug":"alprostadil","fdaApproval":"1981-10-16","genericCount":2,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"papaverine","drugSlug":"papaverine","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"sildenafil","drugSlug":"sildenafil","fdaApproval":"1998-03-27","patentExpiry":"Dec 24, 2038","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"yohimbine","drugSlug":"yohimbine","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"tadalafil","drugSlug":"tadalafil","fdaApproval":"2003-11-21","patentExpiry":"Dec 24, 2038","patentStatus":"Patent 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patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"alprostadil","brandName":"alprostadil","genericName":"alprostadil","approvalYear":"1981","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"papaverine","brandName":"papaverine","genericName":"papaverine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"sildenafil","brandName":"sildenafil","genericName":"sildenafil","approvalYear":"1998","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"yohimbine","brandName":"yohimbine","genericName":"yohimbine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"tadalafil","brandName":"tadalafil","genericName":"tadalafil","approvalYear":"2003","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"vardenafil","brandName":"vardenafil","genericName":"vardenafil","approvalYear":"2003","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"avanafil","brandName":"avanafil","genericName":"avanafil","approvalYear":"2012","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07257861","phase":"","title":"Interest of Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine in Parkinsonian Patients at the End of Life","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans","startDate":"2026-02-02","conditions":["Parkinson Disease"],"enrollment":80,"completionDate":"2027-02"},{"nctId":"NCT06240390","phase":"NA","title":"Effectiveness of Percutaneous Neuromodulation vs Pharmacological Treatment in Cancer Patients With Anterior Knee Pain","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Universidad Europea de Canarias","startDate":"2024-05-01","conditions":["Pain Cancer"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2025-02-01"},{"nctId":"NCT07422675","phase":"PHASE1","title":"SAD Study in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Motor Fluctuations","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Serina Therapeutics","startDate":"2026-02-01","conditions":["PARKINSON DISEASE (Disorder)","Advanced Parkinson's Disease"],"enrollment":40,"completionDate":"2027-01-31"},{"nctId":"NCT06954428","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Clinical Trial of Intranasal Delivery of NT-301","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Nano PharmaSolutions Australia","startDate":"2025-06-20","conditions":["Tolerability of NT-301 Nasal Spray","Pharmacokinetics of NT-301 Nasal Spray","Safety of NT-301 Nasal Spray","Performance of NT-301 Nasal Spray Device"],"enrollment":49,"completionDate":"2025-12-12"},{"nctId":"NCT01432821","phase":"NA","title":"Blinking and Yawning in Epilepsy: The Role of Dopamine","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France","startDate":"2011-09","conditions":["Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy"],"enrollment":31,"completionDate":"2014-12"},{"nctId":"NCT07402928","phase":"","title":"Optimistic and Pessimistic Dopamine Signals in the Human Brain: a Mapping and Modelling Study in Health and Parkinson's Disease","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance","startDate":"2025-06-02","conditions":["Healthy","Parkinson","Medication Administration"],"enrollment":140,"completionDate":"2027-06-30"},{"nctId":"NCT07145190","phase":"","title":"SL-START - SubLingual Apomorphine Schemes of TitrAtion in Real-world Treatment","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2025-08-27","conditions":["Parkinson Disease"],"enrollment":90,"completionDate":"2028-02"},{"nctId":"NCT07219927","phase":"","title":"Real-World Patient Experiences Using Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion (ONAPGOTM) in the United States:","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2025-03-31","conditions":["Parkinson Disease"],"enrollment":120,"completionDate":"2027-08-01"},{"nctId":"NCT05979415","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Staccato Apomorphine (AZ-009) in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Experiencing OFF Episodes","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2023-09-27","conditions":["Parkinson Disease"],"enrollment":8,"completionDate":"2024-02-28"},{"nctId":"NCT04957095","phase":"NA","title":"Motor Network Physiology","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","startDate":"2022-02-18","conditions":["Parkinson Disease","Essential Tremor"],"enrollment":120,"completionDate":"2028-12-01"},{"nctId":"NCT02339064","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Infusion of Apomorphine: Long-term Safety Study","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"MDD US Operations, LLC a subsidiary of Supernus Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2015-02","conditions":["Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease"],"enrollment":99,"completionDate":"2025-12"},{"nctId":"NCT04887467","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Monocentric, Prospective Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Continuous and Diurnal Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion in Patients With Parkinson's Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Rennes University Hospital","startDate":"2021-09-16","conditions":["Parkinson Disease"],"enrollment":19,"completionDate":"2024-07-22"},{"nctId":"NCT05213169","phase":"PHASE2,PHASE3","title":"Apomorphine in Severe Brain-injured Patients","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Liege","startDate":"2021-06-18","conditions":["Disorder of Consciousness"],"enrollment":48,"completionDate":"2026-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT03911726","phase":"NA","title":"Do Antipsychotic Agents Induce Supersensitivity in Humans: A Combined PET/MRI Study in Patients With Schizophrenia","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim","startDate":"2020-08-01","conditions":["Schizophrenia"],"enrollment":140,"completionDate":"2025-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT06080399","phase":"","title":"Personality and Quality of Life Amelioration After Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion in Parkinson's Disease","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University Hospital, Toulouse","startDate":"2024-02-15","conditions":["Parkinson 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