{"id":"apd421","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Constipation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Fatigue"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL243712","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"369.49"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"APD421 crosses the blood-brain barrier to antagonize NK1 receptors, which are involved in nausea and vomiting pathways. By blocking substance P, a key neurotransmitter in emetic signaling, it prevents both chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This mechanism complements 5-HT3 antagonists and corticosteroids used in antiemetic regimens.","oneSentence":"APD421 is a selective antagonist of the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor that blocks substance P signaling in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and vomiting center.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:02:02.133Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)"},{"name":"Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01991821","phase":"PHASE3","title":"European Phase III Study of APD421 in PONV","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","startDate":"2013-07","conditions":"PONV","enrollment":368},{"nctId":"NCT02881840","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Mass-balance Study of [14C]-APD421 in Healthy Volunteers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","startDate":"2016-08","conditions":"Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting","enrollment":6},{"nctId":"NCT02337062","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Phase IIIb Study of APD421 in Combination as PONV Prophylaxis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","startDate":"2015-02","conditions":"PONV","enrollment":1147},{"nctId":"NCT01510704","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Phase II Dose-ranging Study of APD421 in PONV","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","startDate":"2012-01","conditions":"Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting","enrollment":215},{"nctId":"NCT01991860","phase":"PHASE3","title":"US Phase III Study of APD421 in PONV","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","startDate":"2013-08","conditions":"PONV","enrollment":364},{"nctId":"NCT02646566","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study of APD421 as PONV Treatment (Prior Prophylaxis)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","startDate":"2016-03","conditions":"Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting","enrollment":705},{"nctId":"NCT02449291","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study of APD421 as PONV Treatment (no Prior Prophylaxis)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","startDate":"2015-09","conditions":"Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting","enrollment":568},{"nctId":"NCT02661594","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Thorough QT Study of Intravenous Amisulpride","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","startDate":"2013-11","conditions":"Healthy","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03583489","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Study of APD421 With and Without Ondansetron","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","startDate":"2018-07-17","conditions":"Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT01303978","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Phase II Proof-of-concept Study of APD421","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","startDate":"2011-02","conditions":"Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting","enrollment":51}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":2,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"APD421","genericName":"APD421","companyName":"Acacia Pharma Ltd","companyId":"acacia-pharma-ltd","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"APD421 is a selective antagonist of the neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor that blocks substance P signaling in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and vomiting center. Used for Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}