{"id":"anti-thymocyte-globulin","_fda":{"id":"5c65708a-7f79-4d63-b4a9-b2b1a2d86bdd","set_id":"bbd8ab99-552e-4b81-aca4-6b0c7af8b9ae","openfda":{"nui":["N0000184163","N0000178327","N0000009689","N0000020023","M0011122"],"unii":["D7RD81HE4W"],"route":["INTRAVENOUS"],"rxcui":["107047","107050"],"spl_id":["5c65708a-7f79-4d63-b4a9-b2b1a2d86bdd"],"brand_name":["Thymoglobulin"],"spl_set_id":["bbd8ab99-552e-4b81-aca4-6b0c7af8b9ae"],"package_ndc":["58468-0080-1"],"product_ndc":["58468-0080"],"generic_name":["ANTI-THYMOCYTE GLOBULIN (RABBIT)"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"pharm_class_cs":["Immunoglobulins [CS]"],"pharm_class_pe":["Lymphocyte Function Alteration [PE]","Increased T Lymphocyte Destruction [PE]"],"substance_name":["LAPINE T-LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNE GLOBULIN"],"pharm_class_epc":["Immunoglobulin G [EPC]"],"pharm_class_moa":["Antibody-Surface Protein Interactions [MoA]"],"manufacturer_name":["Genzyme Corporation"],"application_number":["BLA103869"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"21","pregnancy":["8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with THYMOGLOBULIN. It is also not known whether THYMOGLOBULIN can cause fetal harm. THYMOGLOBULIN should be given to a pregnant woman only if the benefit outweighs the risk."],"overdosage":["10 OVERDOSAGE THYMOGLOBULIN overdosage may result in leukopenia (including lymphopenia and neutropenia) and/ or thrombocytopenia, which can be managed with dose reduction [see Dosage and Administration (2.1 , 2.3) ] ."],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION THYMOGLOBULIN ® (anti-thymocyte globulin [rabbit]) is a purified, pasteurized, immunoglobulin G, obtained by immunization of rabbits with human thymocytes. This immunosuppressive product contains cytotoxic antibodies directed against antigens expressed on human T-lymphocytes. THYMOGLOBULIN is a sterile, lyophilized powder for intravenous administration after reconstitution with sterile Water for Injection, USP (SWFI). Each single-dose 10 mL vial contains 25 mg of anti-thymocyte globulin (rabbit), 50 mg glycine, 10 mg sodium chloride, and 50 mg mannitol. After reconstitution with 5 mL SWFI, each vial of reconstituted product contains approximately 5 mg/mL of THYMOGLOBULIN, of which >90% is rabbit gamma immune globulin (IgG). The reconstituted solution has a pH of 6.5 to 7.2. Human red blood cells are used in the manufacturing process to deplete cross-reactive antibodies to non–T-cell antigens. The manufacturing process is validated to remove or inactivate potential exogenous viruses. All human red blood cells are from U.S.-registered or FDA-licensed blood banks. A virus removal step (nanofiltration, using a 20 nm filter) and a viral inactivation step (pasteurization, i.e., heat treatment of active ingredient at 60°C/10 hr) are performed for each lot. Each THYMOGLOBULIN lot is released following potency testing (lymphocytotoxicity and anti-CD2 binding inhibition), and cross-reactive antibody testing (hemagglutination, platelet agglutination, and fibroblast toxicity assays on every lot)."],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 16.1 How Supplied THYMOGLOBULIN is supplied as a single-dose clear glass 10 mL vial containing 25 mg of lyophilized (solid) THYMOGLOBULIN. Each carton contains one THYMOGLOBULIN vial (NDC 58468-0080-1). 16.2 Storage and Handling Store in refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Protect from light. Do not freeze. Do not use after the expiration date indicated on the label. Reconstituted THYMOGLOBULIN is physically and chemically stable for up to 24 hours at room temperature; however, room temperature storage is not recommended. As THYMOGLOBULIN contains no preservatives, reconstituted product should be used immediately. Infusion solutions of THYMOGLOBULIN must be used immediately. Any unused drug remaining after infusion must be discarded.","16.1 How Supplied THYMOGLOBULIN is supplied as a single-dose clear glass 10 mL vial containing 25 mg of lyophilized (solid) THYMOGLOBULIN. Each carton contains one THYMOGLOBULIN vial (NDC 58468-0080-1)."],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of THYMOGLOBULIN in pediatric patients have been established in pediatric patients for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute rejection. The use of THYMOGLOBULIN in pediatric patients was supported by extrapolation of adult data from Study 1, Study 2 and Study 3 [see Adverse Reactions (6) and Clinical Studies (14) ]."],"effective_time":"20260131","clinical_studies":["14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Prophylaxis of Acute Rejection in Patients Receiving a Kidney Transplant Study 1 (NCT00235300) THYMOGLOBULIN was evaluated in an open-label, randomized, active-controlled study in kidney transplant patients (n=278) at increased risk of acute rejection or delayed graft function. The treatment failure rate within 12 months post-transplantation was statistically significantly lower in the THYMOGLOBULIN group than in the Active Comparator group (25% vs 38%; p=0.02), based on the composite endpoint (biopsy-proven acute rejection [BPAR], graft loss [GL], or death, with \"lost to follow-up\" considered as a treatment failure). The individual elements of the composite endpoint were BPAR (13% vs 21%), GL (8% vs 10%), and death (4% vs 4%) for the THYMOGLOBULIN and Active Comparator groups, respectively (Table 7). Table 7: Prophylaxis of Acute Rejection – Treatment Failure within 12 Months (Study 1) Parameter THYMOGLOBULIN (N=141) Active Comparator basiliximab (N=137) Difference Two-sided 95% confidence intervals of difference between treatment groups (THYMOGLOBULIN – Active Comparator) are based on normal approximation of binomial distribution. (95% CI) P-value P-value obtained by comparison of treatment groups using Fisher's exact test. BPAR= biopsy-proven acute rejection; CI=confidence interval Composite endpoint 35/141 (25%) 52/137 (38%) -13% (-23.9% to -2.3%) 0.02 BPAR 18/141 (13%) 29/137 (21%) -8% (-17.2% to 0.4%) – Graft loss 11/141 (8%) 13/137 (10%) – – Death 6/141 (4%) 6/137 (4%) – – Lost to follow-up Lost to follow-up is defined as not having BPAR, GL, or death within 12 months after transplantation, and last visit date was prior to the lower bound of 12-month window (12 months ± 30 days after transplantation). 7/141 (5%) 11/137 (8%) – – The composite endpoint is defined as the occurrence of any of the following: BPAR (Grade I–III), graft loss, death, or lost to follow-up. Except for patients counted as \"lost to follow-up,\" a patient can be counted in more than one category for the individual components (BPAR, graft loss, death). In Study 1, patients received either THYMOGLOBULIN (n=141) 1.5 mg/kg daily for a total of 5 doses (Day 0 to Day 4) or Active Comparator (n=137) 2 doses of 20 mg each (Day 0, Day 4). For both treatment groups, the first induction treatment was initiated prior to the reperfusion of the kidney. All patients received triple maintenance immunosuppression (cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids) throughout the 12 months of the study. Recipient disease characteristics were balanced between the 2 treatment groups with similar distribution of prior transplant, degree of sensitization and number of mismatched human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Overall, the mean percentage of pretransplant panel-reactive antibody (PRA) was 6% and the historical peak was 14%. The number of patients having a higher level of sensitization with PRA >20% was similar in the THYMOGLOBULIN (9%) and Active Comparator (10%) groups. The mean number of mismatched HLAs was evenly distributed across the 2 treatment groups. Study 2 (NCT00682292) THYMOGLOBULIN was evaluated in an open-label, parallel-arm, randomized, active-controlled, investigator-sponsored study in kidney transplant patients (n=230) at higher immunological risk of rejection. The noninferiority of THYMOGLOBULIN to Active Comparator was achieved with treatment failure rates of 25% versus 34%, with an estimated treatment group difference (THYMOGLOBULIN – Active Comparator) of -9% (95% CI: -19.9% to 3.6%), based on the composite endpoint (BPAR, GL, or death, with lost to follow-up considered as a treatment failure) in the 12 months after transplantation. The individual elements of the composite endpoint were BPAR (11% vs 21%), GL (15% vs 11%), and death (4% vs 3%) for the THYMOGLOBULIN and Active Comparator groups, respectively (Table 8). Table 8: Prophylaxis of Acute Rejection – Treatment Failure within 12 Months (Study 2) Parameter THYMOGLOBULIN (N=114) Active Comparator daclizumab (N=116) Difference Two-sided 95% confidence intervals of difference between treatment groups (THYMOGLOBULIN – Active Comparator) are based on normal approximation of binomial distribution. (95% CI) BPAR= biopsy-proven acute rejection; CI=confidence interval The composite endpoint is defined as the occurrence of any of the following: BPAR (Grade I–III), graft loss, death, or lost to follow-up. A patient can be counted in more than one category with the exception of lost to follow-up. Composite endpoint 29 (25%) 39 (34%) -9% (-19.9% to 3.6%) BPAR 12 (11%) 24 (21%) -10% (-19.4% to -0.9%) Graft loss 17 (15%) 13 (11%) – Death 5 (4%) 4 (3%) – Lost to follow-up Lost to follow-up is defined as not having BPAR (Grade I–III), GL, or death within 12 months post-transplantation, and last visit date was prior to the lower bound of 12 month window (12 months ± 30 days post-transplantation). 2 (2%) 3 (3%) – In Study 2, patients received either THYMOGLOBULIN (n=114) 1.25 mg/kg daily for a total of 8 doses (Day 0 to Day 7) or Active Comparator (n=116) 1 mg/kg (maximum dose 100 mg) on Days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. For both treatment groups, the first induction treatment was initiated prior to the beginning of the surgical procedure. All patients received triple maintenance immunosuppression (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids) throughout the 12 months of the study. Recipient disease characteristics were balanced between the 2 treatment groups, including similar distribution of prior transplant, degree of sensitization and number of HLA mismatches. The number of patients having prior transplants was 163 of 230 (71%). Overall, the mean percentage of pretransplant PRA was 35% and the historical peak was 72%. The number of patients having a higher level of sensitization with PRA >20% was similar in the THYMOGLOBULIN (55%) and Active Comparator (58%) groups. The mean number of HLA mismatches was evenly distributed across the 2 treatment groups. 14.2 Treatment of Acute Rejection in Patients Receiving a Kidney Transplant Study 3 A controlled, double-blind, multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing THYMOGLOBULIN and Active Comparator was conducted at 28 US transplant centers in renal transplant patients (n=163) with biopsy-proven Banff Grade II (moderate), Grade III (severe), or steroid-resistant Grade I (mild) acute graft rejection. This clinical trial met the non-inferiority criteria for THYMOGLOBULIN relative to Active Comparator in reversing acute rejection episodes with a 20% non-inferiority margin. The overall weighted estimate of the treatment difference (THYMOGLOBULIN – Active Comparator success rate) was 11% with a lower 95% confidence bound of 0.07%. Therefore, THYMOGLOBULIN was not inferior to Active Comparator in reversing acute rejection episodes. In the study, patients were randomized to receive 7 to 14 days of THYMOGLOBULIN (1.5 mg/kg/day) or Active Comparator (15 mg/kg/day). For the entire study, the two treatment groups were comparable with respect to donor and recipient characteristics. In Table 9, successful treatment is presented as those patients whose serum creatinine levels (14 days from the diagnosis of rejection) returned to baseline and whose graft was functioning on Day 30 after the end of therapy. Table 9: Treatment of Acute Rejection – Response to Study Treatment by Rejection Severity Success/n Total Thymoglobulin Active Comparator ATG-E Rejection Severity: Mild 9/10 (90%) 5/8 (63%) Moderate 44/58 (76%) 41/58 (71%) Severe 11/14 (72%) 8/14 (57%) Overall 64/82 (78%) 54/80 (68%) Weighted estimate of difference (Thymoglobulin – Active Comparator ) 11% Lower one-sided 95% confidence bound 0.07% p Value under null hypothesis (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test) 0.061 There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatments with respect to (1) serum creatinine levels 30 days after treatment relative to baseline, (2) improvement rate in post-treatment histology, (3) one-year post-rejection Kaplan-Meier patient survival (THYMOGLOBULIN 93%, n=82 and Active Comparator 96%, n=80), (4) Day 30 post-rejection graft survival and (5) one-year post-rejection graft survival (THYMOGLOBULIN 83%, n=82; Active Comparator 75%, n=80)."],"pharmacokinetics":["12.3 Pharmacokinetics After an intravenous dose of 1.25 to 1.5 mg/kg/day (over 4 hours for 7–11 days) 4–8 hours post infusion, THYMOGLOBULIN levels were on average 21.5 mcg/mL (10–40 mcg/mL) with a half-life of 2–3 days after the first dose, and 87 mcg/mL (23–170 mcg/mL) after the last dose. During the THYMOGLOBULIN Phase 3 randomized trial for the treatment of acute rejection, of the 108 of 163 patients evaluated, anti-rabbit antibodies developed in 68% of the THYMOGLOBULIN-treated patients, and anti-horse antibodies developed in 78% of the Active Comparator-treated patients. No controlled studies have been conducted to study the effect of anti-rabbit antibodies on repeat use of THYMOGLOBULIN. However, to ensure that T-cell depletion is achieved upon retreatment with THYMOGLOBULIN, monitoring the lymphocyte count is recommended. T-cell counts based on data collected from a limited number of patients (n=12) in this study, are presented in the chart below. These data were collected using flow cytometry (FACSCAN, Becton-Dickinson). chart"],"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The most common adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities (incidence >5% higher than comparator) are urinary tract infection, abdominal pain, hypertension, nausea, shortness of breath, fever, headache, anxiety, chills, increased potassium levels in the blood, low counts of platelets and white blood cells. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Genzyme Corporation at 1-800-633-1610 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The most common adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities (incidence >5% higher than comparator) are urinary tract infection, abdominal pain, hypertension, nausea, shortness of breath, fever, headache, anxiety, chills, increased potassium levels in the blood, and low counts of platelets and white blood cells. Prophylaxis of Acute Rejection The safety of THYMOGLOBULIN compared to Active Comparator for the prophylaxis of acute rejection in patients receiving a kidney transplant were evaluated in a randomized, open-label, international, multicenter trial in patients receiving solitary kidneys from deceased donors (n=278; Study 1). Table 1: Adverse Reactions Adverse reactions are treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) reported as related to the study agent in at least 1 patient. and Laboratory Abnormalities Reported More Frequently (incidence Number (percentage) is shown regardless of causal relationship. >5%) Following THYMOGLOBULIN versus Active Comparator basiliximab Adverse Reaction [n (%) ] THYMOGLOBULIN (N=141) Active Comparator (N=137) Urinary tract infection 55 (39%) 36 (26%) Pyrexia 39 (28%) 25 (18%) Headache 26 (18%) 17 (12%) Hyperlipidemia 21 (15%) 9 (7%) Anxiety 20 (14%) 12 (9%) Chills 13 (9%) 5 (4%) Laboratory Abnormalities Hyperkalemia: blood potassium ≥5.5 mmol/L; Leukopenia: WBC <3000 cells/mm 3 . Thrombocytopenia: platelet count <75,000 cells/mm 3 . Hyperkalemia 81 (57%) 70 (51%) Leukopenia 89 (63%) 20 (15%) Thrombocytopenia 23 (16%) 7 (5%) Malignancies Six patients in the THYMOGLOBULIN group developed malignancies (Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoma of the cavum, Epstein-Barr virus-positive large B-cell lung lymphoma, Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoma of the brain, squamous cell carcinoma, renal cancer, and recurrent basal cell carcinoma). In the Active Comparator group, 1 patient developed renal cancer. Infections Infections occurred in 76% of THYMOGLOBULIN-treated patients (severe in 23%), and in 63% of Active Comparator-treated patients (severe in 15%). Infections occurring in ≥5% of the patients in either treatment group during the 12-month follow-up are summarized in Table 2. Urinary tract infection was the most frequent type of infection, and was reported as severe in 9% of THYMOGLOBULIN-treated patients and in 2% of Active Comparator-treated patients. CMV infections were reported more frequently in the Active Comparator group, with an incidence of 6% (severe in 1%) in THYMOGLOBULIN-treated patients and of 18% (severe in 7%) in Active Comparator-treated patients. Patients who were CMV-positive at the time of transplant, as well as CMV-negative recipients of transplants from CMV-positive donors, were required to receive antiviral prophylaxis for 3 months after transplant. Table 2: Infections Reported in ≥5% of Study Patients Infection THYMOGLOBULIN (N=141) Active Comparator basiliximab (N=137) All Severe/Unknown All Severe/Unknown Urinary tract infections Urinary tract infection group includes: Urinary tract infections, Urinary tract infection fungal, Urinary tract infection bacterial, Bacterial pyelonephritis, Urosepsis. 59 (42%) 12 (9%) 39 (29%) 3 (2%) Sepsis Sepsis group includes: Sepsis, Escherichia sepsis, Staphylococcal bacteremia. 9 (6%) 5 (4%) 1 (1%) 1 (1%) Lower respiratory tract and lung infections Lower respiratory tract and lung infections group includes: Lower respiratory tract and lung infections, and Pneumonia pseudomonal. 18 (13%) 2 (1%) 16 (12%) 4 (3%) Upper respiratory tract infection 15 (11%) 0 15 (11%) 1 (1%) Nasopharyngitis 7 (5%) 0 9 (7%) 0 Cytomegaloviral infections The collective term \"cytomegaloviral infections\" includes CMV duodenitis, CMV gastritis, CMV hepatitis, CMV infection, and CMV viremia. 8 (6%) 2 (1%) 21 (18%) 7 (7%) Herpes zoster 7 (5%) 0 2 (2%) 1 (1%) Oral candidiasis 8 (6%) 0 11 (8%) 0 Adverse Drug Reactions Occurring within 24 Hours and Infusion-Related Reactions Adverse reactions occurring during or within 24 hours of infusion in >5% of patients in the THYMOGLOBULIN group are summarized in Table 3. Table 3: Adverse Drug Reactions Adverse reactions that occurred during or within 24 hours of an infusion, and where the incidence was higher in the THYMOGLOBULIN group. Occurring within 24 Hours of Infusion and with >5% Incidence in Patients who Received THYMOGLOBULIN Primary System Organ Class n (%) THYMOGLOBULIN (N=141) Active Comparator basiliximab (N=137) Constipation 47 (33%) 23 (17%) Anemia 35 (25%) 19 (14%) Hyperkalemia 33 (23%) 18 (13%) Hypertension 25 (18%) 19 (14%) Leukopenia and White blood cell count decreased 29 (21%) 0 Pyrexia 18 (13%) 3 (2%) Vomiting 17 (12%) 14 (10%) Thrombocytopenia 13 (9%) 1 (1%) Abdominal pain 11 (8%) 6 (4%) Anxiety 10 (7%) 2 (2%) Hyperphosphatemia 10 (7%) 2 (2%) Tachycardia 10 (7%) 5 (4%) Acidosis 9 (6%) 8 (6%) Diarrhea 9 (6%) 1 (1%) Hypokalemia 9 (6%) 4 (3%) Infusion-related reactions Adverse reactions that occurred within 24 hours after the completion of the THYMOGLOBULIN administration and are considered as possible infusion related reactions (IARs) include the following: anxiety, confusional state, agitation, restlessness, headache, lethargy, dizziness, decreased sensitivity, fast heart rate, myocardial infarction, elevated blood pressure, decreased blood pressure, cough, throat irritation, reduced oxygen supply to tissues, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, pain in mouth and throat, diarrhea, upper abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, abdominal discomfort, nausea, pruritus, rash, joint pain, fever, chills, lack of energy, localized edema, malaise, and chest pain. Serum sickness was reported in 6 of 405 patients enrolled across completed studies where patients had been treated with THYMOGLOBULIN for the prophylaxis of acute rejection in patients receiving a kidney transplant. Anaphylactic shock was reported in 2 of 405 patients enrolled across completed studies. Treatment of acute rejection In the US Phase 3 randomized controlled clinical trial (n=163; Study 3) comparing the efficacy and safety of THYMOGLOBULIN and Active Comparator in the treatment of acute rejection in kidney transplant patients, adverse reactions occurring at least 5% more frequently in the THYMOGLOBULIN group than in the Active Comparator group are shown in Table 4. Malignancies were reported in 3 patients who received THYMOGLOBULIN and in 3 patients who received Active Comparator during the one-year follow-up period. These included two cases of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in the THYMOGLOBULIN group and two cases of PTLD in the Active Comparator group. Table 4: Adverse Reactions Treatment-emergent adverse events/reactions (TEAE) are summarized. Reported More Frequently (incidence ≥5%) Following THYMOGLOBULIN versus Active Comparator Anti-thymocyte globulin equine (ATG-E) Frequently Reported Events THYMOGLOBULIN n=82 Active Comparator n=81 Chills 47 (57%) 35 (43%) Leukopenia 47 (57%) 24 (30%) Headache 33 (40%) 28 (35%) Abdominal pain 31 (38%) 22 (27%) Hypertension 30 (37%) 23 (28%) Nausea 30 (37%) 23 (28%) Dyspnea 23 (28%) 16 (20%) Hyperkalemia 22 (27%) 15 (19%) Myalgia 16 (20%) 10 (12%) Insomnia 16 (20%) 10 (12%) Hypotension 13 (16%) 6 (7%) Rash 11 (13%) 6 (7%) Sweating 11 (13%) 4 (5%) Malaise 11 (13%) 3 (4%) Acne 10 (12%) 4 (5%) Overdose 5 (6%) 0 Treatment-emergent thrombocytopenia was reported in 30 (37%) of patients following THYMOGLOBULIN infusion and in 36 (44%) of patients following Active Comparator infusion. Infections occurring more frequently in the THYMOGLOBULIN group during the 3-month follow-up are summarized in Table 5. No significant differences were seen between the THYMOGLOBULIN and Active Comparator groups for all types of infections. The incidence of CMV infection was the same in both groups. Viral prophylaxis was by the center's discretion during antibody treatment, but all centers used ganciclovir infusion during treatment. Table 5: Infections THYMOGLOBULIN n=82 Active Comparator ATG-E n=81 Body System No. of Patients (%) Total Reports No. of Patients (%) Total Reports Body as a Whole 30 (37) 36 22 (27) 29 Infection 25 (31) 26 19 (24) 21 Other 14 (17) 15 11 (14) 12 CMV 11 (13) 11 9 (11) 9 Sepsis 10 (12) 10 7 (10) 7 Digestive 5 (6) 5 3 (4) 3 Gastrointestinal moniliasis 4 (5) 4 1 (1) 1 Gastritis 1 (1) 1 0 (0) 0 Skin 4 (5) 4 0 (0) 0 Herpes simplex 4 (5) 4 0 (0) 0 Adverse reactions occurring during or within 24 hours of infusion in at least 5% of patients in the THYMOGLOBULIN group are listed in Table 6. Table 6: Adverse Reactions* Occurring within 24 Hours of Infusion and with >5% Incidence in THYMOGLOBULIN Patients Adverse Reaction THYMOGLOBULIN (N=82) Active Comparator ATG-E (N=81) * Treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred during or within 24 hours of an infusion are summarized. Chills 45 (55%) 28 (35%) Leukopenia 40 (49%) 10 (12%) Fever 38 (46%) 39 (48%) Nausea 24 (29%) 17 (21%) Thrombocytopenia 24 (29%) 30 (37%) Headache 22 (27%) 22 (27%) Hypertension 22 (27%) 16 (20%) Pain 21 (26%) 19 (24%) Tachycardia 19 (23%) 16 (20%) Diarrhea 16 (20%) 15 (19%) Peripheral edema 16 (20%) 13 (16%) Vomiting 16 (20%) 12 (15%) Abdominal pain 14 (17%) 13 (16%) Hyperkalemia 14 (17%) 12 (15%) Arthralgia 12 (15%) 11 (14%) Constipation 12 (15%) 16 (20%) Dyspnea 12 (15%) 11 (14%) Asthenia 11 (13%) 11 (14%) Leukocytosis 11 (13%) 9 (11%) Anemia 10 (12%) 11 (14%) Back pain 10 (12%) 8 (10%) Hypokalemia 10 (12%) 7 (9%) Insomnia 10 (12%) 4 (5%) Lung disorder 10 (12%) 6 (7%) Myalgia 9 (11%) 7 (9%) Dyspepsia 8 (10%) 6 (7%) Hypotension 8 (10%) 2 (3%) Acidosis 7 (9%) 4 (5%) Chest pain 7 (9%) 7 (9%) Malaise 7 (9%) 3 (4%) Anxiety 6 (7%) 8 (10%) Anorexia 5 (6%) 1 (1%) Cough increased 6 (7%) 8 (10%) Rash 6 (7%) 4 (5%) Edema 5 (6%) 12 (15%) Hypophosphatemia 5 (6%) 3 (4%) Itchiness 5 (6%) 4 (5%) Sweating 5 (6%) 4 (5%) Treatment-emergent serum sickness was reported in 2 (2%) of patients following THYMOGLOBULIN infusion and in no patients following Active Comparator infusion. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of THYMOGLOBULIN. Because these adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Hepatobiliary disorders: Hepatic dysfunction including transient reversible elevations in aminotransferases without any clinical signs or symptoms, hepatic failure, hyperbilirubinemia. Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Febrile neutropenia, coagulopathy without clinical signs or symptoms of bleeding, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, anemia including hemolytic anemia, thrombotic microangiopathy. Immune system disorders: Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis, CRS."],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS THYMOGLOBULIN is contraindicated in patients with history of allergy or anaphylactic reaction to rabbit proteins or to any product excipients, or who have active acute or chronic infections that contraindicate any additional immunosuppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 , 5.4) and Adverse Reactions (6.2) ] . Allergy or anaphylactic reaction to rabbit proteins or to any product excipients, or active acute or chronic infections which contraindicate any additional immunosuppression ( 4 )"],"drug_interactions":["7 DRUG INTERACTIONS No drug interaction studies have been performed. THYMOGLOBULIN can stimulate the production of antibodies that cross-react with rabbit immune globulins [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] ."],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action by which polyclonal antilymphocyte preparations suppress immune responses is not fully understood. Possible mechanisms by which THYMOGLOBULIN may induce immunosuppression in vivo include: T-cell clearance from the circulation and modulation of T-cell activation, homing, and cytotoxic activities. THYMOGLOBULIN includes antibodies against T-cell markers such as CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11a, CD18, CD25, CD44, CD45, HLA-DR, HLA Class I heavy chains, and ß2 micro-globulin. In vitro , THYMOGLOBULIN (concentrations >0.1 mg/mL) mediates T-cell suppressive effects via inhibition of proliferative responses to several mitogens. In patients, T-cell depletion is usually observed within a day after initiating THYMOGLOBULIN therapy. THYMOGLOBULIN has not been shown to be effective for treating antibody-mediated (humoral) rejections."],"storage_and_handling":["16.2 Storage and Handling Store in refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Protect from light. Do not freeze. Do not use after the expiration date indicated on the label. Reconstituted THYMOGLOBULIN is physically and chemically stable for up to 24 hours at room temperature; however, room temperature storage is not recommended. As THYMOGLOBULIN contains no preservatives, reconstituted product should be used immediately. Infusion solutions of THYMOGLOBULIN must be used immediately. Any unused drug remaining after infusion must be discarded."],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action by which polyclonal antilymphocyte preparations suppress immune responses is not fully understood. Possible mechanisms by which THYMOGLOBULIN may induce immunosuppression in vivo include: T-cell clearance from the circulation and modulation of T-cell activation, homing, and cytotoxic activities. THYMOGLOBULIN includes antibodies against T-cell markers such as CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11a, CD18, CD25, CD44, CD45, HLA-DR, HLA Class I heavy chains, and ß2 micro-globulin. In vitro , THYMOGLOBULIN (concentrations >0.1 mg/mL) mediates T-cell suppressive effects via inhibition of proliferative responses to several mitogens. In patients, T-cell depletion is usually observed within a day after initiating THYMOGLOBULIN therapy. THYMOGLOBULIN has not been shown to be effective for treating antibody-mediated (humoral) rejections. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics After an intravenous dose of 1.25 to 1.5 mg/kg/day (over 4 hours for 7–11 days) 4–8 hours post infusion, THYMOGLOBULIN levels were on average 21.5 mcg/mL (10–40 mcg/mL) with a half-life of 2–3 days after the first dose, and 87 mcg/mL (23–170 mcg/mL) after the last dose. During the THYMOGLOBULIN Phase 3 randomized trial for the treatment of acute rejection, of the 108 of 163 patients evaluated, anti-rabbit antibodies developed in 68% of the THYMOGLOBULIN-treated patients, and anti-horse antibodies developed in 78% of the Active Comparator-treated patients. No controlled studies have been conducted to study the effect of anti-rabbit antibodies on repeat use of THYMOGLOBULIN. However, to ensure that T-cell depletion is achieved upon retreatment with THYMOGLOBULIN, monitoring the lymphocyte count is recommended. T-cell counts based on data collected from a limited number of patients (n=12) in this study, are presented in the chart below. These data were collected using flow cytometry (FACSCAN, Becton-Dickinson). chart"],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE THYMOGLOBULIN is indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute rejection in adult and pediatric patients receiving a kidney transplant in conjunction with concomitant immunosuppression. THYMOGLOBULIN is an immunoglobulin G indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute rejection in adult and pediatric patients receiving a kidney transplant in conjunction with concomitant immunosuppression. ( 1 )"],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS THYMOGLOBULIN should only be used by physicians experienced in immunosuppressant therapy in transplantation. ( 5.1 ) Hypersensitivity and infusion-related reactions: THYMOGLOBULIN infusion could result in an anaphylactic reaction. Close compliance with the recommended infusion time may reduce the incidence and severity of infusion-related reactions. ( 5.2 ) Cytopenias including anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia have occurred with THYMOGLOBULIN administration ( 6 ) and require monitoring of blood counts. Adjust dose accordingly to reverse cytopenias. ( 5.3 ) Infection: Infections and reactivation of infections have been reported. Monitor patients and administer anti-infective prophylaxis. ( 5.4 ) Malignancy: Incidence of malignancies may increase. ( 5.5 ) Immunization with attenuated live vaccines is not recommended for patients who have recently received THYMOGLOBULIN. ( 5.6 ) THYMOGLOBULIN may interfere with rabbit antibody–based immunoassays and with cross-match or panel-reactive antibody cytotoxicity assays. ( 5.7 ) 5.1 Management of Immunosuppression To prevent over-immunosuppression, physicians may wish to decrease the dose of the maintenance immunosuppression regimen during the period of THYMOGLOBULIN use. 5.2 Hypersensitivity and Infusion-Related Reactions Severe hypersensitivity and infusion-related reactions, including fatal anaphylaxis and severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS), have been reported with the use of THYMOGLOBULIN [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] . Severe acute CRS can cause serious cardiorespiratory events and/or death. Close compliance with the recommended dosage and infusion time may reduce the incidence and severity of infusion-related reactions. Slowing the infusion rate may minimize the risk of infusion-related reactions. If a hypersensitivity or infusion-related reaction occurs, terminate the infusion immediately and provide supportive treatment according to clinical practice. 5.3 Cytopenias Cytopenias including anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia have occurred with THYMOGLOBULIN administration [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] . Monitors blood counts after THYMOGLOBULIN administration. Adjust dose accordingly to reverse cytopenias [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ] . 5.4 Infection THYMOGLOBULIN is routinely used in combination with other immunosuppressive agents. Infections (bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoal), reactivation of infection (particularly cytomegalovirus [CMV]) and sepsis have been reported after THYMOGLOBULIN administration in combination with multiple immunosuppressive agents [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] . These infections can be fatal. Monitor patients carefully and administer appropriate anti-infective treatment when indicated [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . 5.5 Malignancy Malignancies with fatal outcomes have been reported in patients treated with THYMOGLOBULIN [see Adverse Reactions (6) ]. Use of immunosuppressive agents, including THYMOGLOBULIN, may increase the risk of malignancies, including lymphoma or lymphoproliferative disorders. 5.6 Immunizations The safety of immunization with attenuated live vaccines following THYMOGLOBULIN therapy has not been studied; therefore, immunization with attenuated live vaccines is not recommended for patients who have recently received THYMOGLOBULIN. 5.7 Laboratory Tests THYMOGLOBULIN may interfere with rabbit antibody–based immunoassays and with cross-match or panel-reactive antibody cytotoxicity assays. THYMOGLOBULIN has not been shown to interfere with any routine clinical laboratory tests that do not use immunoglobulins."],"clinical_studies_table":["
Table 7: Prophylaxis of Acute Rejection – Treatment Failure within 12 Months (Study 1)
ParameterTHYMOGLOBULIN (N=141)Active Comparatorbasiliximab (N=137)DifferenceTwo-sided 95% confidence intervals of difference between treatment groups (THYMOGLOBULIN – Active Comparator) are based on normal approximation of binomial distribution. (95% CI)P-valueP-value obtained by comparison of treatment groups using Fisher's exact test.
BPAR= biopsy-proven acute rejection; CI=confidence interval
Composite endpoint35/141 (25%)52/137 (38%)-13% (-23.9% to -2.3%)0.02
BPAR18/141 (13%)29/137 (21%)-8% (-17.2% to 0.4%)–
Graft loss11/141 (8%)13/137 (10%)––
Death6/141 (4%)6/137 (4%)––
Lost to follow-upLost to follow-up is defined as not having BPAR, GL, or death within 12 months after transplantation, and last visit date was prior to the lower bound of 12-month window (12 months ± 30 days after transplantation). 7/141 (5%)11/137 (8%)––
","
Table 8: Prophylaxis of Acute Rejection – Treatment Failure within 12 Months (Study 2)
ParameterTHYMOGLOBULIN (N=114)Active Comparatordaclizumab (N=116)DifferenceTwo-sided 95% confidence intervals of difference between treatment groups (THYMOGLOBULIN – Active Comparator) are based on normal approximation of binomial distribution. (95% CI)
BPAR= biopsy-proven acute rejection; CI=confidence interval The composite endpoint is defined as the occurrence of any of the following: BPAR (Grade I–III), graft loss, death, or lost to follow-up. A patient can be counted in more than one category with the exception of lost to follow-up.
Composite endpoint29 (25%)39 (34%)-9% (-19.9% to 3.6%)
BPAR12 (11%)24 (21%)-10% (-19.4% to -0.9%)
Graft loss17 (15%)13 (11%)–
Death5 (4%)4 (3%)–
Lost to follow-upLost to follow-up is defined as not having BPAR (Grade I–III), GL, or death within 12 months post-transplantation, and last visit date was prior to the lower bound of 12 month window (12 months ± 30 days post-transplantation).2 (2%)3 (3%)–
","
Table 9: Treatment of Acute Rejection – Response to Study Treatment by Rejection Severity
Success/nTotal
ThymoglobulinActive ComparatorATG-E
Rejection Severity:
Mild9/10 (90%)5/8 (63%)
Moderate44/58 (76%)41/58 (71%)
Severe11/14 (72%)8/14 (57%)
Overall64/82 (78%)54/80 (68%)
Weighted estimate of difference (Thymoglobulin – Active Comparator)11%
Lower one-sided 95% confidence bound0.07%
p Valueunder null hypothesis (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test)0.061
"],"adverse_reactions_table":["
Table 1: Adverse ReactionsAdverse reactions are treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) reported as related to the study agent in at least 1 patient. and Laboratory Abnormalities Reported More Frequently (incidenceNumber (percentage) is shown regardless of causal relationship. >5%) Following THYMOGLOBULIN versus Active Comparatorbasiliximab
Adverse Reaction [n (%)]THYMOGLOBULIN (N=141)Active Comparator (N=137)
Urinary tract infection55 (39%)36 (26%)
Pyrexia39 (28%)25 (18%)
Headache26 (18%)17 (12%)
Hyperlipidemia21 (15%)9 (7%)
Anxiety20 (14%)12 (9%)
Chills13 (9%)5 (4%)
Laboratory AbnormalitiesHyperkalemia: blood potassium ≥5.5 mmol/L; Leukopenia: WBC <3000 cells/mm3. Thrombocytopenia: platelet count <75,000 cells/mm3.
Hyperkalemia81 (57%)70 (51%)
Leukopenia89 (63%)20 (15%)
Thrombocytopenia23 (16%)7 (5%)
","
Table 2: Infections Reported in ≥5% of Study Patients
InfectionTHYMOGLOBULIN (N=141)Active Comparatorbasiliximab (N=137)
AllSevere/UnknownAllSevere/Unknown
Urinary tract infectionsUrinary tract infection group includes: Urinary tract infections, Urinary tract infection fungal, Urinary tract infection bacterial, Bacterial pyelonephritis, Urosepsis.59 (42%)12 (9%)39 (29%)3 (2%)
SepsisSepsis group includes: Sepsis, Escherichia sepsis, Staphylococcal bacteremia.9 (6%)5 (4%)1 (1%)1 (1%)
Lower respiratory tract and lung infectionsLower respiratory tract and lung infections group includes: Lower respiratory tract and lung infections, and Pneumonia pseudomonal.18 (13%)2 (1%)16 (12%)4 (3%)
Upper respiratory tract infection15 (11%)015 (11%)1 (1%)
Nasopharyngitis7 (5%)09 (7%)0
Cytomegaloviral infectionsThe collective term "cytomegaloviral infections" includes CMV duodenitis, CMV gastritis, CMV hepatitis, CMV infection, and CMV viremia.8 (6%)2 (1%)21 (18%)7 (7%)
Herpes zoster7 (5%)02 (2%)1 (1%)
Oral candidiasis8 (6%)011 (8%)0
","
Table 3: Adverse Drug ReactionsAdverse reactions that occurred during or within 24 hours of an infusion, and where the incidence was higher in the THYMOGLOBULIN group. Occurring within 24 Hours of Infusion and with >5% Incidence in Patients who Received THYMOGLOBULIN
Primary System Organ Class n (%)THYMOGLOBULIN (N=141)Active Comparatorbasiliximab (N=137)
Constipation47 (33%)23 (17%)
Anemia35 (25%)19 (14%)
Hyperkalemia33 (23%)18 (13%)
Hypertension25 (18%)19 (14%)
Leukopenia and White blood cell count decreased29 (21%)0
Pyrexia18 (13%)3 (2%)
Vomiting17 (12%)14 (10%)
Thrombocytopenia13 (9%)1 (1%)
Abdominal pain11 (8%)6 (4%)
Anxiety10 (7%)2 (2%)
Hyperphosphatemia10 (7%)2 (2%)
Tachycardia10 (7%)5 (4%)
Acidosis9 (6%)8 (6%)
Diarrhea9 (6%)1 (1%)
Hypokalemia9 (6%)4 (3%)
","
Table 4: Adverse ReactionsTreatment-emergent adverse events/reactions (TEAE) are summarized. Reported More Frequently (incidence ≥5%) Following THYMOGLOBULIN versus Active ComparatorAnti-thymocyte globulin equine (ATG-E)
Frequently Reported EventsTHYMOGLOBULIN n=82Active Comparator n=81
Chills47 (57%)35 (43%)
Leukopenia47 (57%)24 (30%)
Headache33 (40%)28 (35%)
Abdominal pain31 (38%)22 (27%)
Hypertension30 (37%)23 (28%)
Nausea30 (37%)23 (28%)
Dyspnea23 (28%)16 (20%)
Hyperkalemia22 (27%)15 (19%)
Myalgia16 (20%)10 (12%)
Insomnia16 (20%)10 (12%)
Hypotension13 (16%)6 (7%)
Rash11 (13%)6 (7%)
Sweating11 (13%)4 (5%)
Malaise11 (13%)3 (4%)
Acne10 (12%)4 (5%)
Overdose5 (6%)0
","
Table 5: Infections
THYMOGLOBULIN n=82Active ComparatorATG-E n=81
Body SystemNo. of Patients(%)Total ReportsNo. of Patients(%)Total Reports
Body as a Whole30(37)3622(27)29
Infection25(31)2619(24)21
Other14(17)1511(14)12
CMV11(13)119(11)9
Sepsis10(12)107(10)7
Digestive5(6)53(4)3
Gastrointestinal moniliasis4(5)41(1)1
Gastritis1(1)10(0)0
Skin4(5)40(0)0
Herpes simplex4(5)40(0)0
","
Table 6: Adverse Reactions* Occurring within 24 Hours of Infusion and with >5% Incidence in THYMOGLOBULIN Patients
Adverse ReactionTHYMOGLOBULIN (N=82)Active ComparatorATG-E (N=81)
* Treatment-emergent adverse events that occurred during or within 24 hours of an infusion are summarized.
Chills45 (55%)28 (35%)
Leukopenia40 (49%)10 (12%)
Fever38 (46%)39 (48%)
Nausea24 (29%)17 (21%)
Thrombocytopenia24 (29%)30 (37%)
Headache22 (27%)22 (27%)
Hypertension22 (27%)16 (20%)
Pain21 (26%)19 (24%)
Tachycardia19 (23%)16 (20%)
Diarrhea16 (20%)15 (19%)
Peripheral edema16 (20%)13 (16%)
Vomiting16 (20%)12 (15%)
Abdominal pain14 (17%)13 (16%)
Hyperkalemia14 (17%)12 (15%)
Arthralgia12 (15%)11 (14%)
Constipation12 (15%)16 (20%)
Dyspnea12 (15%)11 (14%)
Asthenia11 (13%)11 (14%)
Leukocytosis11 (13%)9 (11%)
Anemia10 (12%)11 (14%)
Back pain10 (12%)8 (10%)
Hypokalemia10 (12%)7 (9%)
Insomnia10 (12%)4 (5%)
Lung disorder10 (12%)6 (7%)
Myalgia9 (11%)7 (9%)
Dyspepsia8 (10%)6 (7%)
Hypotension8 (10%)2 (3%)
Acidosis7 (9%)4 (5%)
Chest pain7 (9%)7 (9%)
Malaise7 (9%)3 (4%)
Anxiety6 (7%)8 (10%)
Anorexia5 (6%)1 (1%)
Cough increased6 (7%)8 (10%)
Rash6 (7%)4 (5%)
Edema5 (6%)12 (15%)
Hypophosphatemia5 (6%)3 (4%)
Itchiness5 (6%)4 (5%)
Sweating5 (6%)4 (5%)
"],"information_for_patients":["17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise patients receiving THYMOGLOBULIN that they will be monitored by a physician experienced in immunosuppressive therapy for the management of kidney transplant patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Hypersensitivity and Infusion-Related Reactions Advise patients of the signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions (flu-like symptoms, e.g., fever, chills, nausea, muscle or joint pain) and the need to take premedications as prescribed. Determine if the patient has known allergies to rabbits or rabbit proteins. Determine if the patient has had significant exposure to rabbits [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Adverse Reactions (6.2) ] . Infections Inform patients of the increased risk of infection while taking immunosuppressive therapy. Instruct patients to immediately report signs or symptoms of infection and to take prophylactic anti-infectives as prescribed [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Adverse Reactions (6.2) ] . Malignancies Inform patients of the increased risk of malignancies, especially skin cancer, while taking immunosuppressive therapy. Instruct patients to limit exposure to sunlight and UV light by wearing protective clothing and using sunscreen with a high protection factor [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) and Adverse Reactions (6.2) ] . Immunizations Advise patients that they should not receive immunizations with live viral vaccines if they have been recently treated with THYMOGLOBULIN [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] ."],"spl_unclassified_section":["Manufactured for: Genzyme Corporation Cambridge, MA 02141 A SANOFI COMPANY U.S. License No. 1596 By: Sanofi Winthrop Industrie Lyon, France ©2026 Genzyme Corporation. All rights reserved."],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The first dose should be infused over at least 6 hours; doses on subsequent days should be infused over at least 4 hours. ( 2.2 ) Premedication with corticosteroids, acetaminophen, and/or an antihistamine prior to each infusion is recommended. ( 2.2 ) The THYMOGLOBULIN dose should be reduced by one-half if the white blood cell (WBC) count is between 2,000 and 3,000 cells/mm 3 or if the platelet count is between 50,000 and 75,000 cells/mm 3 . Stopping THYMOGLOBULIN treatment should be considered if the WBC count falls below 2,000 cells/mm 3 or if the platelet count falls below 50,000 cells/mm 3 . ( 2.3 ) Indication Dose Prophylaxis of acute rejection 1.5 mg/kg of body weight administered daily for 4 to 7 days Treatment of acute rejection 1.5 mg/kg of body weight administered daily for 7 to 14 days For complete dosing instructions, see full prescribing information. ( 2 ) 2.1 Dosing Information For intravenous use only Prophylaxis of Acute Rejection The recommended dosage of THYMOGLOBULIN for prophylaxis of acute rejection in patients receiving a kidney transplant is 1.5 mg/kg of body weight administered daily with the first dose initiated prior to reperfusion of the donor kidney. The usual duration of administration is 4 to 7 days. Treatment of Acute Rejection The recommended dosage of THYMOGLOBULIN for treatment of acute rejection in patients receiving a kidney transplant is 1.5 mg/kg of body weight administered daily for 7 to 14 days. Dosing for THYMOGLOBULIN is different from dosing for other anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) products, because protein composition and concentrations vary depending on the source of ATG. The prescribing physician must ensure that the dose prescribed is appropriate for the ATG product being administered. 2.2 Recommended Dosing Regimen Administer the first dose of THYMOGLOBULIN over a minimum of 6 hours; administer doses on subsequent days over at least 4 hours [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Premedicate with corticosteroids, acetaminophen, and/or an antihistamine 1 hour prior to each infusion of THYMOGLOBULIN to reduce the incidence and intensity of infusion-related reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . 2.3 Dose Modifications Monitor patients for adverse reactions during and after infusion. Monitor total white blood cell and platelet counts during and after THYMOGLOBULIN therapy. Reduce the THYMOGLOBULIN dose by one-half if the white blood cell (WBC) count is between 2,000 and 3,000 cells/mm 3 or if the platelet count is between 50,000 and 75,000 cells/mm 3 . Consider stopping THYMOGLOBULIN treatment if the WBC count falls below 2,000 cells/mm 3 or if the platelet count falls below 50,000 cells/mm 3 . 2.4 Recommended Concomitant Medication THYMOGLOBULIN is used with concomitant immunosuppressants. Administer prophylactic antifungal and antibacterial therapy if clinically indicated [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Antiviral prophylactic therapy is recommended for patients who are seropositive for cytomegalovirus (CMV) at the time of transplant and for CMV-seronegative patients scheduled to receive a kidney from a CMV-seropositive donor [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ]. 2.5 Instructions for Dilution and Administration Reconstitution After calculating the number of vials needed, using aseptic technique, reconstitute each vial of THYMOGLOBULIN with 5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP (SWFI). Allow THYMOGLOBULIN vials to reach room temperature before reconstituting the lyophilized product. Aseptically remove caps to expose rubber stoppers. Clean stoppers with germicidal or alcohol swab. Aseptically reconstitute each vial of THYMOGLOBULIN lyophilized powder with the 5 mL of SWFI. Rotate vial gently until powder is completely dissolved. Each reconstituted vial contains 25 mg or 5 mg/mL of THYMOGLOBULIN. Inspect solution for particulate matter after reconstitution. Should some particulate matter remain, continue to gently rotate the vial until no particulate matter is visible. If particulate matter persists, discard this vial. Dilution Transfer the contents of the calculated number of THYMOGLOBULIN vials into the bag of infusion solution (saline or dextrose). Recommended volume: per one vial of THYMOGLOBULIN use 50 mL of infusion solution (total volume usually between 50 to 500 mL). Discard unused portion. Mix the solution by inverting the bag gently only once or twice. Infusion Administer THYMOGLOBULIN under strict medical supervision in a hospital setting, and carefully monitor patients during the infusion. THYMOGLOBULIN is less likely to produce side effects when administered at the recommended flow rate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the infusion administration set. Infuse through a 0.22 micrometer filter into a high-flow vein. Set the flow rate to deliver the dose over a minimum of 6 hours for the first dose and over at least 4 hours for subsequent doses."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Thymoglobulin Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit) LAPINE T-LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNE GLOBULIN LAPINE T-LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNE GLOBULIN GLYCINE SODIUM CHLORIDE MANNITOL"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS THYMOGLOBULIN for injection: 25 mg anti-thymocyte globulin (rabbit) as a sterile lyophilized powder, in single-dose 10 mL vials for reconstitution. Single-dose 10 mL vial containing 25 mg of anti-thymocyte globulin (rabbit) lyophilized, sterile powder. ( 3 )"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with THYMOGLOBULIN. It is also not known whether THYMOGLOBULIN can cause fetal harm. THYMOGLOBULIN should be given to a pregnant woman only if the benefit outweighs the risk. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary THYMOGLOBULIN has not been studied in nursing women. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because other immunoglobulins are excreted in human milk, breastfeeding should be discontinued during THYMOGLOBULIN therapy. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Contraception Females There is a lack of information on the risks associated with the administration of THYMOGLOBULIN during pregnancy. Therefore, effective contraception is recommended during and for a minimum of 3 months after treatment. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of THYMOGLOBULIN in pediatric patients have been established in pediatric patients for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute rejection. The use of THYMOGLOBULIN in pediatric patients was supported by extrapolation of adult data from Study 1, Study 2 and Study 3 [see Adverse Reactions (6) and Clinical Studies (14) ]."],"dosage_and_administration_table":["
IndicationDose
Prophylaxis of acute rejection1.5 mg/kg of body weight administered daily for 4 to 7 days
Treatment of acute rejection1.5 mg/kg of body weight administered daily for 7 to 14 days
"],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 25 mg Vial Carton NDC 58468-0080-1 Rx only Thymoglobulin ® Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit) 25 mg per vial For Injection For Intravenous Infusion One single-dose vial Discard unused portion SANOFI GENZYME Principal Display Panel - 25 mg Vial Carton"]},"safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"drugInteractions":[{"drug":"rabbit immune globulins","severity":"moderate","mechanism":"THYMOGLOBULIN stimulates the production of antibodies that cross-react with rabbit immune globulins","management":"Monitor for signs of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions","clinicalEffect":"Potential for increased immune response or allergic reactions"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Urinary tract infection","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Abdominal pain","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Hypertension","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Shortness of breath","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Fever","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Anxiety","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Chills","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Increased potassium levels","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Low platelet counts","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Low white blood cell counts","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Infections","drugRate":"76%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Diarrhea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Rash","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Pruritus","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Joint pain","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Cough","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Malaise","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""}],"seriousAdverseEvents":[{"effect":"Severe infections","drugRate":"23%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Malignancies","drugRate":"2.16%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Anaphylactic shock","drugRate":"0.49%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Serum sickness","drugRate":"1.48%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Myocardial infarction","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Pulmonary edema","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Severe urinary tract infection","drugRate":"9%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"CMV infection","drugRate":"6%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoma","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Decreased blood pressure","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL2109145","moleculeType":"Unknown"},"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Anti Thymocyte Globulin","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:57:01.172837+00:00"},"aiSummary":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"AI Strategic Summary","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"ai_extraction","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:57:34.161350+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:57:07.136171+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Anti Thymocyte Globulin","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:57:07.460342+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:56:59.915276+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:56:59.915302+00:00"},"indications.approved":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:57:24.398038+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:56:59.915305+00:00"},"safety.drugInteractions":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:57:18.220569+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL2109145/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:57:08.781181+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"BLA103869","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:56:59.915308+00:00"}},"_dailymed":{"setId":"bbd8ab99-552e-4b81-aca4-6b0c7af8b9ae","title":"THYMOGLOBULIN (ANTI-THYMOCYTE GLOBULIN (RABBIT)) INJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION [GENZYME CORPORATION]"},"aiSummary":"Anti Thymocyte Globulin (ATG), marketed by Novartis Pharmaceuticals, is a well-established therapy for the prophylaxis and treatment of acute rejection in kidney transplant patients. A key strength of ATG is its proven efficacy and safety profile, supported by its current market position and ongoing use in clinical practice. 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