{"id":"anesthesia-induction-propofol-remifentanil-cisatracurium","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Bradycardia"},{"rate":"common","effect":"Respiratory depression"},{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Injection site pain (propofol)"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Muscle rigidity (remifentanil)"},{"rate":"rare","effect":"Histamine release (cisatracurium)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Propofol is a GABA-A receptor agonist that produces rapid sedation and hypnosis. Remifentanil is an ultra-short-acting opioid mu-receptor agonist that provides rapid analgesia and blunts stress responses. Cisatracurium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that competitively antagonizes acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, producing skeletal muscle paralysis necessary for intubation and mechanical ventilation.","oneSentence":"This is a combination anesthesia regimen that uses propofol for sedation, remifentanil for analgesia, and cisatracurium for neuromuscular blockade to induce and maintain general anesthesia.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:27:22.950Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia for surgical procedures"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05792436","phase":"NA","title":"Continuous Versus 1-min Oscillometric Arterial BP Monitoring","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Seoul National University Hospital","startDate":"2023-04-27","conditions":"Anesthesia, General","enrollment":258},{"nctId":"NCT07377123","phase":"NA","title":"Tubeless Spontaneous Ventilation Anesthesia in Kidney Transplantation","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Jianxing He","startDate":"2026-01-12","conditions":"Kidney Transplantation, CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) Stage 5D","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT07185074","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Lidocaine Aerosol Plus Low-dose Cisatracurium vs Conventional-dose Cisatracurium on Intubation Conditions in ERCP - A Randomized Trial","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Jiangang Song","startDate":"2025-01-17","conditions":"Intubation, Intratracheal","enrollment":188},{"nctId":"NCT04532606","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Impact of Remimazolam on Prognosis After Bladder Cancer Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Peking University First Hospital","startDate":"2021-02-05","conditions":"Benzodiazepines, Bladder Cancer, Delirium","enrollment":1128},{"nctId":"NCT05810363","phase":"NA","title":"The Safety of Etomidate - Propofol Mixture vs Propofol in Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Abdominal Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ailin Luo","startDate":"2023-06-16","conditions":"Etomidate, Hypotension","enrollment":468},{"nctId":"NCT07019246","phase":"NA","title":"Safety of Etomidate-propofol Mixture vs. Propofol for Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Tongji Hospital","startDate":"2025-02-01","conditions":"Etomidate Combined With Propofol, Hypertension","enrollment":166},{"nctId":"NCT05436522","phase":"PHASE4","title":"REmimazolam vs PrOpofol on Intraoperative hypotenSion in Major Noncardiac surgEry","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","startDate":"2022-08-22","conditions":"Intraoperative Hypotension","enrollment":340},{"nctId":"NCT04894864","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Opioid Free Anesthesia-Analgesia Strategy and Surgical Stress in Elective Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Crete","startDate":"2020-10-08","conditions":"Elective Surgical Procedures, Postoperative Pain, Anesthesia","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT05391451","phase":"NA","title":"New Approach of Loco Regional Analgesia in Kidney Transplant","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"CHU de Reims","startDate":"2021-08-31","conditions":"Chronic Kidney Diseases","enrollment":48},{"nctId":"NCT05550714","phase":"NA","title":"Choice of Anesthesia in Microelectrode Recording Guided Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","startDate":"2022-10-15","conditions":"PD - Parkinson's Disease, Dexmedetomidine, Desflurane","enrollment":188},{"nctId":"NCT05315648","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of General and Non-general Anesthesia on Perioperative Depression or Anxiety","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University","startDate":"2021-10-20","conditions":"Depression, Anxiety","enrollment":162},{"nctId":"NCT04553536","phase":"NA","title":"Cardiovascular Protection Conservative Effects of Esketamine Versus µ-opioid Receptor Agonists in General Anesthesia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University","startDate":"2020-11-02","conditions":"Opioid Analgesic Adverse Reaction","enrollment":1000},{"nctId":"NCT06199011","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Esketamine on Depressive Symptoms of Obese Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University","startDate":"2024-01-01","conditions":"Depressive Symptoms","enrollment":400},{"nctId":"NCT05664386","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Ciprofol Infusion for Induction and Maintenance on Hemodynamics and Postoperative Recovery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Xiumei Song","startDate":"2023-04-10","conditions":"Hemodynamics, Postoperative Recovery, Anesthesia","enrollment":126},{"nctId":"NCT02884440","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Transverse Abdominis Plane Block for Anterior Approach Spine Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Rennes University Hospital","startDate":"2016-11-07","conditions":"Spine Surgery, Low Back Pain, Spondylolisthesis","enrollment":43},{"nctId":"NCT05493813","phase":"NA","title":"Total Intravenous Anesthesia Versus Sevoflurane Anesthesia for Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan","startDate":"2022-02-15","conditions":"Ischemic Stroke, Acute, Thrombectomy, General Anesthesia","enrollment":298},{"nctId":"NCT05706337","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Clinical Observation of Ciprofol for Anesthesia Induction","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Xiumei Song","startDate":"2023-02-01","conditions":"Anesthesia, Pain, Hemodynamic Instability","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT05624424","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Rematazolam Besylate, Propofol, and Sevoflurane Perioperative Sedation on Incidence of Emergence Agitation and Hemodynamics in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University","startDate":"2022-11-15","conditions":"Emergence Agitation, Remimazolam Besylate, Perioperative Sedation","enrollment":1317},{"nctId":"NCT05533567","phase":"NA","title":"Electroencephalographic Profiles During General Anesthesia: a Comparative Study of Remimazolam and Propofol","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University","startDate":"2022-10-01","conditions":"General Anesthesia, Electroencephalography, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy","enrollment":12},{"nctId":"NCT05533580","phase":"NA","title":"Differential Effects of Remimazolam and Propofol on Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation During General Anesthesia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University","startDate":"2022-10-01","conditions":"General Anesthesia, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Remimazolam","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT04306159","phase":"NA","title":"Application of Rectus Sheath Block based-on Incision in Upper Abdominal Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","startDate":"2020-03-15","conditions":"Opioid Consumption","enrollment":126},{"nctId":"NCT04507165","phase":"NA","title":"Opioid-free Anesthesia in VATS Lung Resection","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Peking University People's Hospital","startDate":"2020-08","conditions":"Opioid Free Anesthesia","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT01661907","phase":"NA","title":"Anesthesia-analgesia Methods and Postoperative Delirium","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Peking University First Hospital","startDate":"2011-11-21","conditions":"Elderly, Epidural Anesthesia, General Anesthesia","enrollment":1800},{"nctId":"NCT03469700","phase":"NA","title":"General Anesthesia vs Paravertebral Block With General Anesthesia For Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Makassed General Hospital","startDate":"2018-03-15","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT02972762","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Anesthesia Depth's Influence on Postoperative Delirium","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Xiangya Hospital of Central South University","startDate":"2016-11","conditions":"Femur Head Necrosis","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT03129009","phase":"NA","title":"Hemodynamics and Vital Organ Function in Intracerebral Hemorrhage","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Xuzhou Medical University","startDate":"2017-04-01","conditions":"Balanced Anesthesia, Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Total Intravenous Anesthesia","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT02518789","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effects and Mechanism of Pretreatment With Dexmedetomidine to Etomidate Induce Myoclonus","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Tang-Du Hospital","startDate":"2015-09","conditions":"Myoclonus","enrollment":132},{"nctId":"NCT02289391","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Levels of Plasma Inflammatory Factor in Asthma Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","startDate":"2014-12","conditions":"Anesthesia, Asthma","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT02224443","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effects of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Hypertensive Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University","startDate":"2014-09","conditions":"Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT02202239","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia With Etomidate on Hemodynamics and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Zhujiang Hospital","startDate":"2014-09","conditions":"Hemodynamics, Oxidative Stress, Anesthesia","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT02143362","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Dexmedetomidine Combined With the Closed Loop of Target Controlled Infusion of Propofol for Anesthesia With Intraoperative Wake up","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","startDate":"2014-06","conditions":"Anesthesia; Reaction","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT02147678","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Comparison Between Propofol and Etomidate in Hysteroscopy on Effect of Postoperative Sedation and Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital","startDate":"2014-12","conditions":"Hysteroscopy, Hemodynamics, Sedation","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT02111265","phase":"PHASE4","title":"THe Comparison of Target Controlled Infusion of Propofol or Etomidate at General Anesthesia in Geriatric Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","startDate":"2014-04","conditions":"Adrenal Suppression, Hemodynamic Instability","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT01651572","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparison Between Cisatracurium and Rocuronium in Terms of Recovery of the Muscular Strength in the Postoperative Phase After Surgery and General Anaesthesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova","startDate":"2012-07","conditions":"Postoperative Residual Curarization, Residual Neuromuscular Block","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT01627873","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Remifentanil on Postoperative Cognition Function in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Catholic University of the Sacred Heart","startDate":"2009-08","conditions":"Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery, Postoperative Confusion","enrollment":622}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Anesthesia induction,propofol, remifentanil ,cisatracurium","genericName":"Anesthesia induction,propofol, remifentanil ,cisatracurium","companyName":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","companyId":"second-affiliated-hospital-of-xi-an-jiaotong-university","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"This is a combination anesthesia regimen that uses propofol for sedation, remifentanil for analgesia, and cisatracurium for neuromuscular blockade to induce and maintain general anesthesia. Used for Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia for surgical procedures.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}