{"id":"amyl-nitrite","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"amyl nitrite","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"V03AB22","category":"atc"},{"label":"Respiratory (Inhalation)","category":"route"},{"label":"Inhalant","category":"form"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Toxic effect of cyanide","category":"indication"},{"label":"Johns Hopkins University","category":"company"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Vasodilator Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"discontinued","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Methemoglobinemia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Syncope","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Involuntary passing of urine and feces","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hypotension","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Pallor","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Cold sweat","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Tachycardia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Restlessness","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Weakness","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Vomiting","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"}],"contraindications":["Anemia","Benign intracranial hypertension","Cerebral hemorrhage","Glaucoma","Injury of head","Methemoglobinemia","Orthostatic hypotension"]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Johns Hopkins University","patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"nitramyl","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["amyl nitrite","vaporole","nitramyl","amylnitrit"],"timeline":[],"brandName":"Nitramyl","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Toxic effect of cyanide","otherDrugs":[{"name":"cobalamin","slug":"cobalamin","company":""},{"name":"hydroxocobalamin","slug":"hydroxocobalamin","company":"Watson Labs"},{"name":"sodium nitrite","slug":"sodium-nitrite","company":"Hope Pharms"},{"name":"sodium thiosulfate","slug":"sodium-thiosulfate","company":"Us Army"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"novelty":"First-in-class","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"amyl nitrite","explanation":"Imagine your body's cells are like factories that use oxygen to make energy. Cyanide is like a poison that stops these factories from working. Nitramyl helps by converting the cyanide into a harmless compound, allowing the factories to start working again.","oneSentence":"Nitramyl works by rapidly converting cyanide into a less toxic compound through a process called cytochrome c oxidase inhibition.","technicalDetail":"Nitramyl exerts its therapeutic effect by competitively inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the final step in the electron transport chain, thereby preventing cyanide from binding to the enzyme and disrupting cellular respiration."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/205","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Amyl%20Nitrite","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Amyl Nitrite","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T08:47:13.500329","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"nalorphine","drugSlug":"nalorphine","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"pralidoxime","drugSlug":"pralidoxime","fdaApproval":"1964-03-11","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"prednisolone","drugSlug":"prednisolone","fdaApproval":"1955-06-21","genericCount":42,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"promethazine","drugSlug":"promethazine","fdaApproval":"1951-03-29","genericCount":48,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"sodium nitrite","drugSlug":"sodium-nitrite","fdaApproval":"2011-01-14","patentExpiry":"Feb 10, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"dimercaprol","drugSlug":"dimercaprol","fdaApproval":"1946-05-06","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"protamine sulfate","drugSlug":"protamine-sulfate","fdaApproval":"1969-08-13","genericCount":2,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"naloxone","drugSlug":"naloxone","fdaApproval":"1971-04-13","patentExpiry":"Oct 30, 2028","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ethanol","drugSlug":"ethanol","fdaApproval":"1946-01-17","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methylthioninium chloride","drugSlug":"methylthioninium-chloride","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"copper sulfate","drugSlug":"copper-sulfate","fdaApproval":"1987-05-05","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"potassium iodide","drugSlug":"potassium-iodide","fdaApproval":"1979-11-09","genericCount":3,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"acetylcysteine","drugSlug":"acetylcysteine","fdaApproval":"1963-09-14","patentExpiry":"May 8, 2032","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"flumazenil","drugSlug":"flumazenil","fdaApproval":"1991-12-20","genericCount":8,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methionine","drugSlug":"methionine","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"prussian blue","drugSlug":"prussian-blue","fdaApproval":"2003-10-02","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"hydroxocobalamin","drugSlug":"hydroxocobalamin","fdaApproval":"1978-08-16","genericCount":5,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"fomepizole","drugSlug":"fomepizole","fdaApproval":"1997-12-04","patentExpiry":"Jun 30, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"sugammadex","drugSlug":"sugammadex","fdaApproval":"2015-12-15","patentExpiry":"Jul 27, 2026","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"phentolamine","drugSlug":"phentolamine","fdaApproval":"1952-01-30","patentExpiry":"Oct 25, 2039","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"amyl nitrite","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Toxic effect of cyanide","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":66207005,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Adults and children"}],"offLabel":[{"name":"Angina pectoris","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"Amyl Nitrite"}],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"nalorphine","brandName":"nalorphine","genericName":"nalorphine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"pralidoxime","brandName":"pralidoxime","genericName":"pralidoxime","approvalYear":"1964","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"prednisolone","brandName":"prednisolone","genericName":"prednisolone","approvalYear":"1955","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"promethazine","brandName":"promethazine","genericName":"promethazine","approvalYear":"1951","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"sodium-nitrite","brandName":"sodium nitrite","genericName":"sodium nitrite","approvalYear":"2011","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"dimercaprol","brandName":"dimercaprol","genericName":"dimercaprol","approvalYear":"1946","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"protamine-sulfate","brandName":"protamine sulfate","genericName":"protamine sulfate","approvalYear":"1969","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"naloxone","brandName":"naloxone","genericName":"naloxone","approvalYear":"1971","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"ethanol","brandName":"ethanol","genericName":"ethanol","approvalYear":"1946","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methylthioninium-chloride","brandName":"methylthioninium chloride","genericName":"methylthioninium chloride","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04905173","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of Squat-to-Stand Maneuver With Amyl Nitrite, Valsalva, and Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Inducing Latent Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2021-11","conditions":["Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy","Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2022-05"},{"nctId":"NCT02428959","phase":"NA","title":"Diagnostic Utility of Amyl Nitrite in Patients With Suspected Achalasia Undergoing High Resolution Esophageal Manometry (HREM)","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Johns Hopkins University","startDate":"2014-06","conditions":["Dysphagia","Achalasia"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2018-12"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{"route":"Respiratory (Inhalation)","formulation":"Inhalant","formulations":[{"form":"INHALANT","route":"RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)","productName":"Amyl Nitrite"}]},"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000145899","MMSL":"3836","NDDF":"000684","UNII":"22T8Z09XAK","VUID":"4017514","CHEBI":"CHEBI:55344","VANDF":"4017514","RXNORM":"742","UMLSCUI":"C0002711","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL3833339","KEGG_DRUG":"D00517","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB01612","PUBCHEM_CID":"10026","SNOMEDCT_US":"116655003","MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI":"D000680"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","_offLabelChecked":true,"developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[{"period":"present","companyName":"Johns Hopkins University","relationship":"Current Owner"}],"publicationCount":556,"therapeuticAreas":["Respiratory"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"V03AB22","allCodes":["V03AB22"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"discontinued","companyName":"Johns Hopkins University","companyId":"johns-hopkins-university","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Nitramyl (Amyl Nitrite) is a small molecule drug in the amyl nitrite class, originally developed by Johns Hopkins University and currently owned by the same institution. It is used to treat the toxic effects of cyanide. The commercial status of Nitramyl is unclear, and it is not known whether it is patented or available as a generic. Key safety considerations include its potential for adverse effects, although specific details are not available. Further research is needed to fully understand its pharmacological properties.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}