{"id":"amphetamine-sulfate","rwe":[{"pmid":"38351286","year":"2024","title":"Amphetamine increases vascular permeability by modulating endothelial actin cytoskeleton and NO synthase via PAR-1 and VEGF-R.","finding":"","journal":"Scientific reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"37962090","year":"2023","title":"Hyperdopaminergia in rats is associated with reverse effort-cost dependent performance.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"36467081","year":"2022","title":"Treatment of ADHD: Drugs, psychological therapies, devices, complementary and alternative methods as well as the trends in clinical trials.","finding":"","journal":"Frontiers in pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"36168204","year":"2022","title":"Agathobaculum butyriciproducens Shows Neuroprotective Effects in a 6-OHDA-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"34428356","year":"2021","title":"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of AR19, a Manipulation-Resistant Formulation of Amphetamine Sulfate, in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.","finding":"","journal":"The Journal of clinical psychiatry","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"8fdfec51-e7c0-429b-a3f4-8f5ae2679147","set_id":"00242264-40d8-4267-a91a-727a1f088616","openfda":{"unii":["6DPV8NK46S"],"route":["ORAL"],"rxcui":["884655","1600695"],"spl_id":["8fdfec51-e7c0-429b-a3f4-8f5ae2679147"],"brand_name":["Amphetamine Sulfate"],"spl_set_id":["00242264-40d8-4267-a91a-727a1f088616"],"package_ndc":["0406-1219-01","0406-1220-01"],"product_ndc":["0406-1219","0406-1220"],"generic_name":["AMPHETAMINE SULFATE"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["AMPHETAMINE SULFATE"],"manufacturer_name":["SpecGx LLC"],"application_number":["ANDA213583"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"10","warnings":["WARNINGS Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction Amphetamine sulfate tablets have a high potential for abuse and misuse. The use of amphetamine sulfate tablets exposes individuals to the risks of abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Amphetamine sulfate can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels or distribution ( see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE ). Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including amphetamine sulfate tablets, can result in overdose and death ( see OVERDOSAGE ), and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. Before prescribing amphetamine sulfate tablets, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. Educate patients and their families about these risks and proper disposal of any unused drug. Advise patients to store amphetamine sulfate in a safe place, preferably locked, and instruct patients to not give amphetamine sulfate tablets to anyone else. Throughout amphetamine sulfate tablets treatment, reassess each patient’s risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction. Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease Sudden death has been reported in patients with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious cardiac disease who are treated with CNS stimulants at the recommended ADHD dosages. Avoid amphetamine sulfate tablets use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious cardiac arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, or other serious cardiac disease. Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate CNS stimulants cause an increase in blood pressure (mean increase about 2 to 4 mm Hg) and heart rate (mean increase about 3 to 6 bpm). Monitor all patients for potential tachycardia and hypertension. Psychiatric Adverse Reactions Exacerbation of Pre-Existing Psychosis CNS stimulants may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder in patients with a pre-existing psychotic disorder. Induction of a Manic Episode in Patients with Bipolar Disorder CNS stimulants may induce a manic or mixed episode in patients. Prior to initiating amphetamine sulfate tablets, screen patients for risk factors for developing a manic episode (e.g., comorbid or history of depressive symptoms or a family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, or depression). New Psychotic or Manic Symptoms CNS stimulants, at recommended doses, may cause psychotic or manic symptoms (e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania) in patients without a prior history of psychotic illness or mania. In a pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo-controlled studies of CNS stimulants, psychotic or manic symptoms occurred in approximately 0.1% of CNS stimulant-treated patients, compared with 0% of placebo-treated patients. If such symptoms occur, consider discontinuing amphetamine sulfate tablets. Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients CNS stimulants have been associated with weight loss and slowing of growth rate in pediatric patients. Closely monitor growth (weight and height) in amphetamine sulfate tablets-treated pediatric patients treated with CNS stimulants. Pediatric patients who are not growing or gaining height or weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted ( see PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use ). Seizures There is some clinical evidence that stimulants may lower the convulsive threshold in patients with prior history of seizures, in patients with prior EEG abnormalities in absence of seizures, and, very rarely, in patients without a history of seizures and no prior EEG evidence of seizures. In the presence of seizures, the drug should be discontinued. Peripheral Vasculopathy, Including Raynaud's Phenomenon Stimulants, including amphetamine sulfate tablets, used to treat ADHD are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, very rare sequelae include digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. Effects of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon, were observed in post-marketing reports and at the therapeutic dosages of CNS stimulants in all age groups throughout the course of treatment. Signs and symptoms generally improved after dosage reduction or discontinuation of the CNS stimulant. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during amphetamine sulfate tablets treatment. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for patients who develop signs or symptoms of peripheral vasculopathy. Serotonin Syndrome Serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening reaction, may occur when amphetamines are used in combination with other drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter systems such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, and St. John’s Wort ( see DRUG INTERACTIONS ). The co-administration with cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6) inhibitors may also increase the risk with increased exposure to amphetamine sulfate tablets. In these situations, consider an alternative non-serotonergic drug or an alternative drug that does not inhibit CYP2D6 ( see DRUG INTERACTIONS ). Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Concomitant use of amphetamine sulfate tablets with MAOI drugs is contraindicated ( see CONTRAINDICATIONS ). Discontinue treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets and any concomitant serotonergic agents immediately if the above symptoms occur, and initiate supportive symptomatic treatment. If concomitant use of amphetamine sulfate tablets with other serotonergic drugs or CYP2D6 inhibitors is clinically warranted, initiate amphetamine sulfate tablets with lower doses, monitor patients for the emergence of serotonin syndrome during drug initiation or titration, and inform patients of the increased risk for serotonin syndrome. Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome CNS stimulants, including amphetamine sulfate, have been associated with the onset or exacerbation of motor and verbal tics. Worsening of Tourette’s syndrome has also been reported. Assess the family history and clinically evaluate patients for tics or Tourette’s syndrome before initiating amphetamine sulfate tablets. Regularly monitor patients for the emergence or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome with amphetamine sulfate tablets, and discontinue treatment if clinically appropriate."],"pregnancy":["Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Dextroamphetamine sulfate has been shown to have embryotoxic and teratogenic effects when administered to A/Jax mice and C57BL mice in doses approximately 41 times the maximum human dose. Embryotoxic effects were not seen in New Zealand white rabbits given the drug in doses 7 times the human dose nor in rats given 12.5 times the maximum human dose. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Amphetamine sulfate tablets should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Nonteratogenic Effects Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamines have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. Also, these infants may experience symptoms of withdrawal as demonstrated by dysphoria, including agitation, and significant lassitude."],"overdosage":["OVERDOSAGE Clinical Effects of Overdose Overdose of CNS stimulants is characterized by the following sympathomimetic effects: Cardiovascular effects including tachyarrhythmias, and hypertension or hypotension. Vasospasm, myocardial infarction, or aortic dissection may precipitate sudden cardiac death. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may develop. CNS effects including psychomotor agitation, confusion, and hallucinations. Serotonin syndrome, seizures, cerebral vascular accidents, and coma may occur. Life-threatening hyperthermia (temperatures greater than 104°F) and rhabdomyolysis may develop. Overdose Management Consider the possibility of multiple drug ingestion. D-amphetamine is not dialyzable. Consider contacting the Poison Help line (1-800-222-1222) or a medical toxicologist for additional overdose management recommendations."],"description":["DESCRIPTION Amphetamine sulfate is a sympathomimetic amino of the amphetamine group. It is a white, odorless crystalline powder. It has a slightly bitter taste. Its solutions are acid to litmus, having a pH of 5.0 to 8.0. It is freely soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. Each tablet, for oral administration contains 5 mg or 10 mg of amphetamine sulfate. Each tablet also contains the following inactive ingredients: crospovidone, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, and stearic acid. The 10 mg tablet also contains FD&C Blue #1. Structural Formula: Chemical Structure"],"precautions":["PRECAUTIONS General Caution is to be exercised in prescribing amphetamines for patients with even mild hypertension. Information for Patients Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling ( Medication Guide ). Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction Educate patients and their families about the risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction of amphetamine sulfate tablets, which can lead to overdose and death, and proper disposal of any unused drug ( see WARNINGS, DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE , and OVERDOSAGE ). Advise patients to store amphetamine sulfate tablets in a safe place, preferably locked, and instruct patients to not give amphetamine sulfate tablets to anyone else. Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease Advise patients that there are potential risks to patients with serious cardiac disease, including sudden death, with amphetamine sulfate tablets use. Instruct patients to contact a healthcare provider immediately if they develop symptoms such as exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or other symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease ( see WARNINGS ). Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Advise patients that amphetamine sulfate tablets can elevate blood pressure and heart rate ( see WARNINGS ). Psychiatric Adverse Reactions Advise patients that amphetamine sulfate tablets, at recommended doses, can cause psychotic or manic symptoms, even in patients without prior history of psychotic symptoms or mania ( see WARNINGS ). Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients Advise patients that amphetamine sulfate tablets, may cause slowing of growth including weight loss ( see WARNINGS ). Circulation problems in fingers and toes [Peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon] Instruct patients beginning treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets about the risk of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud's phenomenon, and associated signs and symptoms: fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful, and/or may change color from pale, to blue, to red. Instruct patients to report to their physician any new numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in fingers or toes. Instruct patients to call their physician immediately with any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking amphetamine sulfate tablets. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients. Serotonin Syndrome Caution patients about the risk of serotonin syndrome with concomitant use of amphetamine sulfate tablets and other serotonergic drugs including SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St. John’s Wort, and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (in particular MAOIs, both those intended to treat psychiatric disorders and also others such as linezolid ( see CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS , and DRUG INTERACTIONS ). Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider or report to the emergency room if they experience signs or symptoms of serotonin syndrome. Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome Advise patients that motor and verbal tics and worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome may occur during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Instruct the patients to notify their healthcare provider if emergence or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome occurs ( see WARNINGS ). Amphetamines may impair the ability of the patient to engage in potentially hazardous activities such as operating machinery or vehicle; the patient should therefore be cautioned accordingly. Drug Interactions MAO inhibitors - MAOI antidepressants, as well as a metabolic of furazolidone, slow amphetamine metabolism. This slowing potentiates amphetamines, increasing their effect on the release of norepinephrine and other monoamines from adrenergic nerve endings; this can cause headaches and other signs of hypertensive crisis. A variety of neurological toxic effects and malignant hyperpyrexia can occur, sometimes with fatal results. Serotonergic drugs - The concomitant use of amphetamine sulfate tablets and serotonergic drugs increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Initiate with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during amphetamine sulfate tablets initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue amphetamine sulfate tablets and the concomitant serotonergic drug(s) ( see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS ). CYP2D6 inhibitors - The concomitant use of amphetamine sulfate tablets and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase the exposure of amphetamine sulfate tablets compared to the use of the drug alone and increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Initiate with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome particularly during amphetamine sulfate tablets initiation and after a dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue amphetamine sulfate tablets and the CYP2D6 inhibitor ( see WARNINGS and OVERDOSAGE ). Examples of CYP2D6 Inhibitors include paroxetine and fluoxetine (also serotonergic drugs), quinidine, ritonavir. Acidifying agents - Gastrointestinal acidifying agents (guanethidine, reserpine, glutamic acid HCl, ascorbic acid, fruit juices, etc.) lower absorption of amphetamines. Urinary acidifying agents (ammonium chloride, sodium acid phosphate, etc.) increase concentration of the ionized species of the amphetamine molecule, thereby increasing urinary excretion. Both groups of agents lower blood levels and efficacy of amphetamines. Adrenergic blockers - Adrenergic blockers are inhibited by amphetamines. Alkalinizing agents - Gastrointestinal alkalinizing agents (sodium bicarbonate, etc.) increase absorption of amphetamines. Urinary alkalinizing agents (acetazolamide, some thiazides) increase the concentration of the non-ionized species of the amphetamine molecule, thereby decreasing urinary excretion. Both groups of agents increase blood levels and therefore potentiate the action of amphetamines. Antidepressants tricyclic - Amphetamines may enhance the activity of tricyclic or sympathomimetic agents; d-amphetamine with desipramine or protriptyline and possibly other tricyclics cause striking and sustained increases in the concentration of d-amphetamine in the brain; cardiovascular effects can be potentiated. Antihistamines - Amphetamines may counteract the sedative effect of antihistamines. Antihypertensives - Amphetamines may antagonize the hypotensive effects of antihypertensives. Chlorpromazine - Chlorpromazine blocks dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, thus inhibiting the central stimulant effects of amphetamine, and can be used to treat amphetamine poisoning. Ethosuximide - Amphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of ethosuximide. Haloperidol - Haloperidol blocks dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, thus inhibiting the central stimulant effects of amphetamines. Lithium carbonate - The antiobesity and stimulatory effects of amphetamines may be inhibited by lithium carbonate. Meperidine - Amphetamines potentiate the analgesic effect of meperidine. Methenamine therapy - Urinary excretion of amphetamines is increased, and efficacy is reduced by acidifying agents used in methenamine therapy. Norepinephrine - Amphetamines enhance the adrenergic effect of norepinephrine. Phenobarbital - Amphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of phenobarbital. Co-administration of phenobarbital may produce a synergistic anticonvulsant action. Phenytoin - Amphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of phenytoin; co-administration of phenytoin may produce a synergistic anticonvulsant action. Propoxyphene - In cases of propoxyphene overdosage, amphetamine CNS stimulation is potentiated and fatal convulsions can occur. Veratrum alkaloids - Amphetamines inhibit the hypotensive effect of veratrum alkaloids. Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions Amphetamines can cause a significant elevation in plasma corticosteroid levels. This increase is greatest in the evening. Amphetamines may interfere with urinary steroid determinations. Carcinogenesis/Mutagenesis Mutagenicity studies and long-term studies in animals to determine the carcinogenic potential of amphetamine sulfate have not been performed. Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Dextroamphetamine sulfate has been shown to have embryotoxic and teratogenic effects when administered to A/Jax mice and C57BL mice in doses approximately 41 times the maximum human dose. Embryotoxic effects were not seen in New Zealand white rabbits given the drug in doses 7 times the human dose nor in rats given 12.5 times the maximum human dose. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Amphetamine sulfate tablets should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Nonteratogenic Effects Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamines have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. Also, these infants may experience symptoms of withdrawal as demonstrated by dysphoria, including agitation, and significant lassitude. Nursing Mothers Amphetamines are excreted in human milk. Mothers taking amphetamines should be advised to refrain from nursing. Pediatric Use Long-term effects of amphetamines in children have not been well established. Amphetamines are not recommended for use as anorectic agents in children under 12 years of age, or in children under 3 years of age with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity described under INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Clinical experience suggests that in psychotic children, administration of amphetamines may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder. Data is inadequate to determine whether chronic administration of amphetamines may be associated with growth inhibition; therefore growth should be monitored during treatment. Drug treatment is not indicated in all cases of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity and should be considered only in light of the complete history and evaluation of the child. The decision to prescribe amphetamines should depend on the physician's assessment of the chronicity and severity of the child's symptoms and their appropriateness for his/her age. Prescription should not depend solely on the presence of one or more of the behavioral characteristics. When these symptoms are associated with acute stress reactions, treatment with amphetamines is usually not indicated."],"how_supplied":["HOW SUPPLIED Amphetamine Sulfate Tablets USP are supplied as follows: 5 mg: White, round tablet, debossed \"M\" on one side, and \"5\" with a score on the other side in bottles of 100 tablets, NDC 0406-1219-01. 10 mg: Blue, round tablet, debossed \"M\" on one side, and \"10\" with double scores on the other side in bottles of 100 tablets, NDC 0406-1220-01. Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Dispense in a well-closed container, as defined in the USP. Mallinckrodt, the “M” brand mark and the Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals logo are trademarks of a Mallinckrodt company. © 2023 Mallinckrodt. Manufactured by: SpecGx LLC Webster Groves, MO 63119 USA Revised: 10/2023 Mallinckrodt™ Pharmaceuticals An electronic copy of this medication guide can be obtained from www.mallinckrodt.com/Medguide/MG20A13.pdf or by calling 1-800-778-7898 for alternate delivery options."],"spl_medguide":["MEDICATION GUIDE Amphetamine Sulfate Tablets, CII (am fet’ a meen sul’ fate) What is the most important information I should know about amphetamine sulfate tablets? Amphetamine sulfate tablets may cause serious side effects, including: Abuse, misuse, and addiction. Amphetamine sulfate tablets have a high chance for abuse and misuse and may lead to substance use problems, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of amphetamine sulfate tablets, other amphetamine containing medicines, and methylphenidate, can lead to overdose and death. The risk of overdose and death is increased with higher doses of amphetamine sulfate tablets or when it is used in ways that are not approved, such as snorting or injection. Your healthcare provider should check you or your child’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction before starting treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets and will monitor you or your child during treatment. Amphetamine sulfate tablets may lead to physical dependence after prolonged use, even if taken as directed by your healthcare provider. Do not give amphetamine sulfate tablets to anyone else. See “What are amphetamine sulfate tablets?” for more information. Keep amphetamine sulfate tablets in a safe place and properly dispose of unused medicine. See “How should I store amphetamine sulfate tablets?” for more information. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child have ever abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines, or street drugs. Risks for people with serious heart disease. Sudden death has happened in people who have heart defects or other serious heart disease. Your healthcare provider should check you or your child carefully for heart problems before starting amphetamine sulfate tablets. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child have any heart problems, heart disease, or heart defects. Call your healthcare provider right away or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you or your child have any signs of heart problems such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Increased blood pressure and heart rate. Your healthcare provider should check you or your child’s blood pressure and heart rate regularly during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Mental (psychiatric) problems, including: new or worse behavior and thought problems new or worse bipolar illness new psychotic symptoms (such as hearing voices, or seeing or believing things that are not real) or new manic symptoms Tell your healthcare provider about any mental problems you or your child have, or about a family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depression. Call your healthcare provider right away if you or your child have any new or worsening mental symptoms or problems during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets, especially hearing voices, seeing or believing things that are not real, or new manic symptoms. What are amphetamine sulfate tablets? Amphetamine sulfate tablets are a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant prescription medicine used for the treatment of: a sleep disorder called narcolepsy. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Amphetamine sulfate tablets may help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in people with ADHD. exogenous obesity. Amphetamine sulfate tablets may be used as part of a short-term (a few weeks) weight reduction program for obesity in people who have not responded to other treatment. Amphetamine sulfate tablets are not for use in children with ADHD under 3 years of age. It is not known if amphetamine sulfate tablets are safe and effective in children not for use as an anorectic agent for with exogenous obesity in children under less than 12 years of age. Amphetamine sulfate tablets are a federally controlled substance (CII) because they contain amphetamine that can be a target for people who abuse prescription medicines or street drugs. Keep amphetamine sulfate tablets in a safe place to protect it from theft. Never give your amphetamine sulfate tablets to anyone else, because it may cause death or harm them. Selling or giving away amphetamine sulfate tablets may harm others and is against the law. Do not take amphetamine sulfate tablets if you or your child: are allergic to amphetamine products or any of the ingredients in amphetamine sulfate tablets. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in amphetamine sulfate tablets. are taking or have taken within the past 14 days a medicine used to treat depression called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Before taking amphetamine sulfate tablets tell your healthcare provider about all of your or your child’s medical conditions, including if you or your child: have heart problems, heart disease, heart defects, or high blood pressure have mental problems including psychosis, mania, bipolar illness, or depression, or have a family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depression have circulation problems in fingers and toes have or have had seizures have or had repeated movements or sounds (tics) or Tourette’s syndrome, or have a family history of tics or Tourette’s syndrome are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if amphetamine sulfate tablets will harm the unborn baby. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child become pregnant during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Amphetamine sulfate passes into breast milk. You or your child should not breastfeed during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed the baby during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Tell your healthcare provider about all of the medicines that you or your child takes, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Amphetamine sulfate tablets and some medicines may interact with each other and cause serious side effects. Sometimes the doses of other medicines will need to be adjusted during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Your healthcare provider will decide if amphetamine sulfate tablets can be taken with other medicines. Especially tell your healthcare provider if you or your child takes: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) medicines used to treat migraine headaches called triptans lithium tramadol buspirone serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) tricyclic antidepressants fentanyl tryptophan St. John’s Wort Know the medicines that you or your child takes. Keep a list of your or your child’s medicines with you to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you or your child get a new medicine. Do not start any new medicine during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets without talking to your healthcare provider first. How should amphetamine sulfate tablets be taken? Take amphetamine sulfate tablets exactly as prescribed by your or your child’s healthcare provider. Your healthcare provider may change the dose if needed. The first dose of the day is usually taken when you first wake up. Amphetamine sulfate tablets may cause problems sleeping if taken late in the evening. Amphetamine sulfate tablets should be taken 30 to 60 minutes before meals if it is being used to treat exogenous obesity. If you or your child take too many amphetamine sulfate tablets call your healthcare provider or Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222 or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away. What should I avoid while taking amphetamine sulfate tablets? Do not drive, operate machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how amphetamine sulfate tablets affect you. What are the possible side effects of amphetamine sulfate tablets? Amphetamine sulfate tablets may cause serious side effects, including: See “What is the most important information I should know about amphetamine sulfate tablets?”. Slowing of growth (height and weight) in children. Children should have their height and weight checked often during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Your healthcare provider may stop your child’s amphetamine sulfate tablets treatment if they are not growing or gaining weight as expected. Seizures. Your healthcare provider may stop treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets if you or your child have a seizure. Circulation problems in fingers and toes (peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon). Signs and symptoms may include: fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful fingers or toes may change color from pale, to blue, to red Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child have any numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in the fingers or toes. Call your healthcare provider right away if you or your child have any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Serotonin syndrome. This problem may happen when amphetamine sulfate tablets are taken with certain other medicines and may be life-threatening. Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you or your child develop any of the following signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome: agitation, hallucinations, coma fast heartbeat flushing seizures sweating or fever loss of coordination confusion dizziness muscle stiffness or tightness changes in blood pressure high body temperature (hyperthermia) nausea, vomiting, diarrhea New or worsening tics or worsening Tourette’s syndrome. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child get any new or worsening tics or worsening Tourette’s syndrome during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. The most common side effects of amphetamine sulfate tablets include: headache stomachache trouble sleeping decreased appetite unpleasant taste nervousness dizziness sexual problems (impotence in males) vomiting itching diarrhea or constipation dry mouth weight loss mood swing These are not all the possible side effects of amphetamine sulfate tablets. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store amphetamine sulfate tablets? Store amphetamine sulfate tablets at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Store amphetamine sulfate tablets in a safe place, like a locked cabinet. Dispose of remaining, unused, or expired amphetamine sulfate tablets by a medicine take-back program at a U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) authorized collection site. If no take-back program or DEA authorized collector is available, mix amphetamine sulfate tablets with an undesirable, nontoxic substance such as dirt, cat litter, or used coffee grounds to make it less appealing to children and pets. Place the mixture in a container such as a sealed plastic bag and throw away amphetamine sulfate tablets in the household trash. Visit www.fda.gov/drugdisposal for additional information on disposal of unused medicines. Keep amphetamine sulfate tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of amphetamine sulfate tablets. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use amphetamine sulfate tablets for a condition for which they were not prescribed. Do not give amphetamine sulfate tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you or your child have. It may harm them and it is against the law. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about amphetamine sulfate tablets that is written for health professionals. What are the ingredients in amphetamine sulfate tablets? Active Ingredient: amphetamine sulfate Inactive Ingredients: crospovidone, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, and stearic acid. The 10 mg tablet also contains FD&C Blue #1. Manufactured by: SpecGx LLC, Webster Groves, MO 63119 USA, www.mallinckrodt.com or call 1-800-778-7898 Mallinckrodt™ This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Revised 10/2023 MG20A13"],"boxed_warning":["WARNING: ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION Amphetamine sulfate tablets have a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including amphetamine sulfate, can result in overdose and death ( see OVERDOSAGE ), and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. Before prescribing amphetamine sulfate tablets, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. Educate patients and their families about these risks, proper storage of the drug, and proper disposal of any unused drug. Throughout amphetamine sulfate tablets treatment, reassess each patient’s risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction ( see WARNINGS and DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE )."],"pediatric_use":["Pediatric Use Long-term effects of amphetamines in children have not been well established. Amphetamines are not recommended for use as anorectic agents in children under 12 years of age, or in children under 3 years of age with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity described under INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Clinical experience suggests that in psychotic children, administration of amphetamines may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder. Data is inadequate to determine whether chronic administration of amphetamines may be associated with growth inhibition; therefore growth should be monitored during treatment. Drug treatment is not indicated in all cases of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity and should be considered only in light of the complete history and evaluation of the child. The decision to prescribe amphetamines should depend on the physician's assessment of the chronicity and severity of the child's symptoms and their appropriateness for his/her age. Prescription should not depend solely on the presence of one or more of the behavioral characteristics. When these symptoms are associated with acute stress reactions, treatment with amphetamines is usually not indicated."],"effective_time":"20230524","nursing_mothers":["Nursing Mothers Amphetamines are excreted in human milk. Mothers taking amphetamines should be advised to refrain from nursing."],"adverse_reactions":["ADVERSE REACTIONS Cardiovascular Palpitations, tachycardia, elevation of blood pressure. There have been isolated reports of cardiomyopathy associated with chronic amphetamine use. Central Nervous System Psychotic episodes at recommended doses (rare), overstimulation, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, euphoria, dyskinesia, dysphoria, tremor, headache, exacerbation of motor and verbal tics and Tourette's syndrome. Gastrointestinal Dryness of the mouth, unpleasant taste, diarrhea, constipation, intestinal ischemia and other gastrointestinal disturbances. Anorexia and weight loss may occur as undesirable effects when amphetamines are used for other than the anorectic effect. Allergic Urticaria Endocrine Impotence, changes in libido, and frequent or prolonged erections. Musculoskeletal Rhabdomyolysis"],"contraindications":["CONTRAINDICATIONS Known hypersensitivity to amphetamine products. During or within 14 days following the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (hypertensive crises may result) ( see WARNINGS )."],"drug_interactions":["Drug Interactions MAO inhibitors - MAOI antidepressants, as well as a metabolic of furazolidone, slow amphetamine metabolism. This slowing potentiates amphetamines, increasing their effect on the release of norepinephrine and other monoamines from adrenergic nerve endings; this can cause headaches and other signs of hypertensive crisis. A variety of neurological toxic effects and malignant hyperpyrexia can occur, sometimes with fatal results. Serotonergic drugs - The concomitant use of amphetamine sulfate tablets and serotonergic drugs increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Initiate with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during amphetamine sulfate tablets initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue amphetamine sulfate tablets and the concomitant serotonergic drug(s) ( see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS ). CYP2D6 inhibitors - The concomitant use of amphetamine sulfate tablets and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase the exposure of amphetamine sulfate tablets compared to the use of the drug alone and increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Initiate with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome particularly during amphetamine sulfate tablets initiation and after a dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue amphetamine sulfate tablets and the CYP2D6 inhibitor ( see WARNINGS and OVERDOSAGE ). Examples of CYP2D6 Inhibitors include paroxetine and fluoxetine (also serotonergic drugs), quinidine, ritonavir. Acidifying agents - Gastrointestinal acidifying agents (guanethidine, reserpine, glutamic acid HCl, ascorbic acid, fruit juices, etc.) lower absorption of amphetamines. Urinary acidifying agents (ammonium chloride, sodium acid phosphate, etc.) increase concentration of the ionized species of the amphetamine molecule, thereby increasing urinary excretion. Both groups of agents lower blood levels and efficacy of amphetamines. Adrenergic blockers - Adrenergic blockers are inhibited by amphetamines. Alkalinizing agents - Gastrointestinal alkalinizing agents (sodium bicarbonate, etc.) increase absorption of amphetamines. Urinary alkalinizing agents (acetazolamide, some thiazides) increase the concentration of the non-ionized species of the amphetamine molecule, thereby decreasing urinary excretion. Both groups of agents increase blood levels and therefore potentiate the action of amphetamines. Antidepressants tricyclic - Amphetamines may enhance the activity of tricyclic or sympathomimetic agents; d-amphetamine with desipramine or protriptyline and possibly other tricyclics cause striking and sustained increases in the concentration of d-amphetamine in the brain; cardiovascular effects can be potentiated. Antihistamines - Amphetamines may counteract the sedative effect of antihistamines. Antihypertensives - Amphetamines may antagonize the hypotensive effects of antihypertensives. Chlorpromazine - Chlorpromazine blocks dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, thus inhibiting the central stimulant effects of amphetamine, and can be used to treat amphetamine poisoning. Ethosuximide - Amphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of ethosuximide. Haloperidol - Haloperidol blocks dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, thus inhibiting the central stimulant effects of amphetamines. Lithium carbonate - The antiobesity and stimulatory effects of amphetamines may be inhibited by lithium carbonate. Meperidine - Amphetamines potentiate the analgesic effect of meperidine. Methenamine therapy - Urinary excretion of amphetamines is increased, and efficacy is reduced by acidifying agents used in methenamine therapy. Norepinephrine - Amphetamines enhance the adrenergic effect of norepinephrine. Phenobarbital - Amphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of phenobarbital. Co-administration of phenobarbital may produce a synergistic anticonvulsant action. Phenytoin - Amphetamines may delay intestinal absorption of phenytoin; co-administration of phenytoin may produce a synergistic anticonvulsant action. Propoxyphene - In cases of propoxyphene overdosage, amphetamine CNS stimulation is potentiated and fatal convulsions can occur. Veratrum alkaloids - Amphetamines inhibit the hypotensive effect of veratrum alkaloids."],"spl_medguide_table":["
MEDICATION GUIDEAmphetamine Sulfate Tablets, CII(am fet’ a meen sul’ fate)
What is the most important information I should know about amphetamine sulfate tablets?Amphetamine sulfate tablets may cause serious side effects, including:Abuse, misuse, and addiction. Amphetamine sulfate tablets have a high chance for abuse and misuse and may lead to substance use problems, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of amphetamine sulfate tablets, other amphetamine containing medicines, and methylphenidate, can lead to overdose and death. The risk of overdose and death is increased with higher doses of amphetamine sulfate tablets or when it is used in ways that are not approved, such as snorting or injection.Your healthcare provider should check you or your child’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction before starting treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets and will monitor you or your child during treatment.Amphetamine sulfate tablets may lead to physical dependence after prolonged use, even if taken as directed by your healthcare provider.Do not give amphetamine sulfate tablets to anyone else. See “What are amphetamine sulfate tablets?” for more information.Keep amphetamine sulfate tablets in a safe place and properly dispose of unused medicine. See “How should I store amphetamine sulfate tablets?” for more information.Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child have ever abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines, or street drugs.Risks for people with serious heart disease.Sudden death has happened in people who have heart defects or other serious heart disease. Your healthcare provider should check you or your child carefully for heart problems before starting amphetamine sulfate tablets. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child have any heart problems, heart disease, or heart defects. Call your healthcare provider right away or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you or your child have any signs of heart problems such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets.Increased blood pressure and heart rate. Your healthcare provider should check you or your child’s blood pressure and heart rate regularly during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets.Mental (psychiatric) problems, including:new or worse behavior and thought problemsnew or worse bipolar illnessnew psychotic symptoms (such as hearing voices, or seeing or believing things that are not real) or new manic symptoms Tell your healthcare provider about any mental problems you or your child have, or about a family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depression. Call your healthcare provider right away if you or your child have any new or worsening mental symptoms or problems during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets, especially hearing voices, seeing or believing things that are not real, or new manic symptoms.
What are amphetamine sulfate tablets?Amphetamine sulfate tablets are a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant prescription medicine used for the treatment of: a sleep disorder called narcolepsy. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Amphetamine sulfate tablets may help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in people with ADHD.exogenous obesity. Amphetamine sulfate tablets may be used as part of a short-term (a few weeks) weight reduction program for obesity in people who have not responded to other treatment.Amphetamine sulfate tablets are not for use in children with ADHD under 3 years of age.It is not known if amphetamine sulfate tablets are safe and effective in children not for use as an anorectic agent for with exogenous obesity in children under less than 12 years of age. Amphetamine sulfate tablets are a federally controlled substance (CII) because they contain amphetamine that can be a target for people who abuse prescription medicines or street drugs.Keep amphetamine sulfate tablets in a safe place to protect it from theft. Never give your amphetamine sulfate tablets to anyone else, because it may cause death or harm them. Selling or giving away amphetamine sulfate tablets may harm others and is against the law.
Do not take amphetamine sulfate tablets if you or your child:are allergic to amphetamine products or any of the ingredients in amphetamine sulfate tablets. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in amphetamine sulfate tablets.are taking or have taken within the past 14 days a medicine used to treat depression called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
Before taking amphetamine sulfate tablets tell your healthcare provider about all of your or your child’s medical conditions, including if you or your child:have heart problems, heart disease, heart defects, or high blood pressurehave mental problems including psychosis, mania, bipolar illness, or depression, or have a family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depressionhave circulation problems in fingers and toeshave or have had seizureshave or had repeated movements or sounds (tics) or Tourette’s syndrome, or have a family history of tics or Tourette’s syndromeare pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if amphetamine sulfate tablets will harm the unborn baby. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child become pregnant during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets.are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Amphetamine sulfate passes into breast milk. You or your child should not breastfeed during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed the baby during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets.Tell your healthcare provider about all of the medicines that you or your child takes, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Amphetamine sulfate tablets and some medicines may interact with each other and cause serious side effects. Sometimes the doses of other medicines will need to be adjusted during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets.Your healthcare provider will decide if amphetamine sulfate tablets can be taken with other medicines.Especially tell your healthcare provider if you or your child takes:selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)medicines used to treat migraine headaches called triptanslithiumtramadolbuspironeserotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)tricyclic antidepressantsfentanyltryptophanSt. John’s WortKnow the medicines that you or your child takes.Keep a list of your or your child’s medicines with you to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you or your child get a new medicine.Do not start any new medicine during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets without talking to your healthcare provider first.
How should amphetamine sulfate tablets be taken?Take amphetamine sulfate tablets exactly as prescribed by your or your child’s healthcare provider.Your healthcare provider may change the dose if needed.The first dose of the day is usually taken when you first wake up.Amphetamine sulfate tablets may cause problems sleeping if taken late in the evening.Amphetamine sulfate tablets should be taken 30 to 60 minutes before meals if it is being used to treat exogenous obesity.If you or your child take too many amphetamine sulfate tablets call your healthcare provider or Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222 or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.
What should I avoid while taking amphetamine sulfate tablets?Do not drive, operate machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how amphetamine sulfate tablets affect you.
What are the possible side effects of amphetamine sulfate tablets? Amphetamine sulfate tablets may cause serious side effects, including:See “What is the most important information I should know about amphetamine sulfate tablets?”.Slowing of growth (height and weight) in children. Children should have their height and weight checked often during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Your healthcare provider may stop your child’s amphetamine sulfate tablets treatment if they are not growing or gaining weight as expected.Seizures. Your healthcare provider may stop treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets if you or your child have a seizure.Circulation problems in fingers and toes (peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon). Signs and symptoms may include:fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painfulfingers or toes may change color from pale, to blue, to redTell your healthcare provider if you or your child have any numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in the fingers or toes. Call your healthcare provider right away if you or your child have any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets.Serotonin syndrome. This problem may happen when amphetamine sulfate tablets are taken with certain other medicines and may be life-threatening. Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you or your child develop any of the following signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome:agitation, hallucinations, comafast heartbeatflushingseizuressweating or feverloss of coordinationconfusiondizzinessmuscle stiffness or tightnesschanges in blood pressurehigh body temperature (hyperthermia)nausea, vomiting, diarrheaNew or worsening tics or worsening Tourette’s syndrome. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child get any new or worsening tics or worsening Tourette’s syndrome during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets.The most common side effects of amphetamine sulfate tablets include:headachestomachachetrouble sleepingdecreased appetiteunpleasant tastenervousnessdizzinesssexual problems (impotence in males)vomitingitchingdiarrhea or constipationdry mouthweight lossmood swingThese are not all the possible side effects of amphetamine sulfate tablets. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store amphetamine sulfate tablets?Store amphetamine sulfate tablets at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).Store amphetamine sulfate tablets in a safe place, like a locked cabinet.Dispose of remaining, unused, or expired amphetamine sulfate tablets by a medicine take-back program at a U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) authorized collection site. If no take-back program or DEA authorized collector is available, mix amphetamine sulfate tablets with an undesirable, nontoxic substance such as dirt, cat litter, or used coffee grounds to make it less appealing to children and pets. Place the mixture in a container such as a sealed plastic bag and throw away amphetamine sulfate tablets in the household trash. Visit www.fda.gov/drugdisposal for additional information on disposal of unused medicines.Keep amphetamine sulfate tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of amphetamine sulfate tablets. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use amphetamine sulfate tablets for a condition for which they were not prescribed. Do not give amphetamine sulfate tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you or your child have. It may harm them and it is against the law. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about amphetamine sulfate tablets that is written for health professionals.
What are the ingredients in amphetamine sulfate tablets? Active Ingredient: amphetamine sulfate Inactive Ingredients: crospovidone, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, and stearic acid. The 10 mg tablet also contains FD&C Blue #1.Manufactured by: SpecGx LLC, Webster Groves, MO 63119 USA, www.mallinckrodt.com or call 1-800-778-7898Mallinckrodt™
"],"general_precautions":["General Caution is to be exercised in prescribing amphetamines for patients with even mild hypertension."],"teratogenic_effects":["Teratogenic Effects Dextroamphetamine sulfate has been shown to have embryotoxic and teratogenic effects when administered to A/Jax mice and C57BL mice in doses approximately 41 times the maximum human dose. Embryotoxic effects were not seen in New Zealand white rabbits given the drug in doses 7 times the human dose nor in rats given 12.5 times the maximum human dose. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Amphetamine sulfate tablets should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus."],"clinical_pharmacology":["CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Amphetamines are non-catecholamine, sympathomimetic amines with CNS stimulant activity. Peripheral actions include elevations of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and weak bronchodilator, and respiratory stimulant action. Amphetamine, as the racemic form, differs from dextroamphetamine in a number of ways. The l-isomer is more potent than the d-isomer in cardiovascular activity, but much less potent in causing CNS excitatory effects. The racemic mixture also is less effective as an appetite suppressant when compared to dextroamphetamine. There is neither specific evidence which clearly establishes the mechanism whereby amphetamines produce mental and behavioral effects in children, nor conclusive evidence regarding how those effects relate to the condition of the central nervous system. Drugs in this class used in obesity are commonly known as \"anorectics\" or \"anorexigenics.\" It has not been established, however, that the action of such drugs in treating obesity is primarily one of appetite suppression. Other central nervous system actions or metabolic effects may be involved, for example. Adult obese subjects instructed in dietary management and treated with \"anorectic\" drugs lose more weight on the average than these treated with placebo and diet, as determined in relatively short-term clinical trials. The magnitude of increased weight loss of drug-treated patients over placebo-treated patients is only a fraction of a pound a week. The rate of weight loss is greatest in the first weeks of therapy for both drug and placebo subjects and tends to decrease in succeeding weeks. The origins of the increased weight loss due to the various possible drug effects are not established. The amount of weight loss associated with the use of an \"anorectic\" drug varies from trial to trial, and the increased weight loss appears to be related in part to variables other than the drug prescribed, such as the physician-investigator, the population treated, and the diet prescribed. Studies do not permit conclusions as to the relative importance of the drug and nondrug factors on weight loss. The natural history of obesity is measured in years, whereas the studies cited are restricted to few weeks duration; thus, the total impact of drug-induced weight loss over that of diet alone must be considered clinically limited."],"indications_and_usage":["INDICATIONS AND USAGE Amphetamine sulfate tablets are indicated for: Narcolepsy Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity as an integral part of a total treatment program which typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational, social) for a stabilizing effect in children with behavioral syndrome characterized by the following group of developmentally inappropriate symptoms: moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity. The diagnosis of the syndrome should not be made with finality when these symptoms are only of comparatively recent origin. Nonlocalizing (soft) neurological signs, learning disability, and abnormal EEG may or may not be present, and a diagnosis of central nervous system dysfunction may or not be warranted. Exogenous Obesity as a short-term (a few weeks) adjunct in a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction for patients refractory to alternative therapy, e.g., repeated diets, group programs, and other drugs. The limited usefulness of amphetamines ( see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ) should be weighed against possible risks inherent in use of the drug, such as those described below."],"nonteratogenic_effects":["Nonteratogenic Effects Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamines have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. Also, these infants may experience symptoms of withdrawal as demonstrated by dysphoria, including agitation, and significant lassitude."],"information_for_patients":["Information for Patients Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling ( Medication Guide ). Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction Educate patients and their families about the risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction of amphetamine sulfate tablets, which can lead to overdose and death, and proper disposal of any unused drug ( see WARNINGS, DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE , and OVERDOSAGE ). Advise patients to store amphetamine sulfate tablets in a safe place, preferably locked, and instruct patients to not give amphetamine sulfate tablets to anyone else. Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease Advise patients that there are potential risks to patients with serious cardiac disease, including sudden death, with amphetamine sulfate tablets use. Instruct patients to contact a healthcare provider immediately if they develop symptoms such as exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or other symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease ( see WARNINGS ). Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Advise patients that amphetamine sulfate tablets can elevate blood pressure and heart rate ( see WARNINGS ). Psychiatric Adverse Reactions Advise patients that amphetamine sulfate tablets, at recommended doses, can cause psychotic or manic symptoms, even in patients without prior history of psychotic symptoms or mania ( see WARNINGS ). Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients Advise patients that amphetamine sulfate tablets, may cause slowing of growth including weight loss ( see WARNINGS ). Circulation problems in fingers and toes [Peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon] Instruct patients beginning treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets about the risk of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud's phenomenon, and associated signs and symptoms: fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful, and/or may change color from pale, to blue, to red. Instruct patients to report to their physician any new numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in fingers or toes. Instruct patients to call their physician immediately with any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking amphetamine sulfate tablets. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients. Serotonin Syndrome Caution patients about the risk of serotonin syndrome with concomitant use of amphetamine sulfate tablets and other serotonergic drugs including SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St. John’s Wort, and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (in particular MAOIs, both those intended to treat psychiatric disorders and also others such as linezolid ( see CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS , and DRUG INTERACTIONS ). Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider or report to the emergency room if they experience signs or symptoms of serotonin syndrome. Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome Advise patients that motor and verbal tics and worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome may occur during treatment with amphetamine sulfate tablets. Instruct the patients to notify their healthcare provider if emergence or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome occurs ( see WARNINGS ). Amphetamines may impair the ability of the patient to engage in potentially hazardous activities such as operating machinery or vehicle; the patient should therefore be cautioned accordingly."],"dosage_and_administration":["DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Regardless of indication, amphetamine should be administered at the lowest effective dosage and dosage should be individually adjusted. Late evening doses should be avoided because of resulting insomnia. Narcolepsy Usual dose is 5 to 60 milligrams per day in divided doses depending on the individual patient response. Narcolepsy seldom occurs in children under 12 years of age; however, when it does, amphetamine sulfate tablets may be used. The suggested initial dose for patients aged 6 to 12 is 5 mg daily; daily dose may be raised in increments of 5 mg at weekly intervals until optimal response obtained. In patients 12 years of age and older, start with 10 mg daily; daily dosage may be raised in increments of 10 mg at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained. If bothersome adverse reactions appear (e.g., insomnia or anorexia) dosage should be reduced. Give the first dose on awakening; additional doses (5 or 10 mg) at intervals of 4 to 6 hours. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Not recommended for children under 3 years of age. In children from 3 to 5 years of age, start with 2.5 mg daily; daily dosage may be raised in increments of 2.5 mg at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained. In children 6 years of age or older, start with 5 mg once or twice daily; daily dosage may be raised in increments of 5 mg at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained. Only in rare cases will it be necessary to exceed a total of 40 milligrams per day. With tablets give first dose on awakening; additional doses (1 to 2) at intervals of 4 to 6 hours. Where possible, drug administration should be interrupted occasionally to determine if there is a recurrence of behavioral symptoms sufficient to require continued therapy. Prior to treating patients with amphetamine sulfate tablets assess: for the presence of cardiac disease (i.e., perform a careful history, family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, and physical exam) ( see WARNINGS ). the family history and clinically evaluate patients for motor or verbal tics or Tourette’s syndrome ( see WARNINGS ). Exogenous Obesity Usual dosage is up to 30 mg daily, taken in divided doses of 5 to 10 mg, 30 to 60 minutes before meals. Not recommended for this use in children under 12 years of age."],"drug_abuse_and_dependence":["DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE Controlled Substance Amphetamine sulfate tablets contain amphetamine, a Schedule II controlled substance. Abuse Amphetamine sulfate tablets have a high potential for abuse and misuse which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction ( see WARNINGS ). Amphetamine sulfate tablets can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels or distribution. Abuse is the intentional non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, to achieve a desired psychological or physiological effect. Misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than prescribed by a healthcare provider or for whom it was not prescribed. Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. Misuse and abuse of amphetamines may cause increased heart rate, respiratory rate, or blood pressure; sweating; dilated pupils; hyperactivity; restlessness; insomnia; decreased appetite; loss of coordination; tremors; flushed skin; vomiting; and/or abdominal pain. Anxiety, psychosis, hostility, aggression, and suicidal or homicidal ideation have also been observed with CNS stimulants abuse and/or misuse. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including amphetamine sulfate, can result in overdose and death ( see OVERDOSAGE ), and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. Dependence Physical Dependence Amphetamine sulfate tablets may produce physical dependence. Physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. Withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or dose reduction following prolonged use of CNS stimulants including amphetamine sulfate tablets include dysphoric mood; depression; fatigue; vivid, unpleasant dreams; insomnia or hypersomnia; increased appetite; and psychomotor retardation or agitation. Tolerance Amphetamine sulfate tablets may produce tolerance. Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose)."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Amphetamine Sulfate Amphetamine Sulfate Amphetamine Sulfate Amphetamine CROSPOVIDONE MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE STEARIC ACID SILICON DIOXIDE M;5 Amphetamine Sulfate Amphetamine Sulfate Amphetamine Sulfate Amphetamine CROSPOVIDONE MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE STEARIC ACID FD&C Blue No. 1 SILICON DIOXIDE M;10"],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 5 mg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 0406-1219-01 100 Tablets Amphetamine Sulfate Tablets USP CII 5 mg Rx only Pharmacist: Dispense the Medication Guide provided separately to each patient. Mallinckrodt™ L00A64 Rev 05/2019 PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 5 mg Tablet Bottle Label","PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 mg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 0406-1220-01 100 Tablets Amphetamine Sulfate Tablets USP CII 10 mg Rx only Pharmacist: Dispense the Medication Guide provided separately to each patient. Mallinckrodt™ L00A63 Rev 05/2019 PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 mg Tablet Bottle Label"],"drug_and_or_laboratory_test_interactions":["Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions Amphetamines can cause a significant elevation in plasma corticosteroid levels. This increase is greatest in the evening. Amphetamines may interfere with urinary steroid determinations."],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["Carcinogenesis/Mutagenesis Mutagenicity studies and long-term studies in animals to determine the carcinogenic potential of amphetamine sulfate have not been performed."]},"tags":[{"label":"Central Nervous System Stimulant","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter","category":"target"},{"label":"SLC6A3","category":"gene"},{"label":"TAAR1","category":"gene"},{"label":"SLC6A4","category":"gene"},{"label":"N06BA01","category":"atc"},{"label":"Oral","category":"route"},{"label":"Capsule","category":"form"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Established","category":"status"},{"label":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","category":"indication"},{"label":"Narcolepsy","category":"indication"},{"label":"Obesity","category":"indication"},{"label":"Azurity","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1950s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Adrenergic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Stimulants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dopamine Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Membrane Transport Modulators","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sympathomimetics","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":["WARNING: ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION Amphetamine sulfate tablets have a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including amphetamine sulfate, can result in overdose and death ( see OVERDOSAGE ), and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. Before prescribing amphetamine sulfate tablets, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. Educate patients and their families about these risks, proper storage of the drug, and proper disposal of any unused drug. Throughout amphetamine sulfate tablets treatment, reassess each patient’s risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction ( see WARNINGS and DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE )."],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"4808 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"FATIGUE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"3202 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"NAUSEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"2888 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HEADACHE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"2707 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"ANXIETY","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"2501 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DEPRESSION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"2130 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"FEELING ABNORMAL","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"2036 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DIZZINESS","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1767 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PAIN","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1756 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"SOMNOLENCE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"1743 reports"}],"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/ioflupane-i-123","drug":"Ioflupane I-123","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Amphetamine, Ioflupane I-123","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"ioflupane-i-123"},{"url":"/drug/isocarboxazid","drug":"isocarboxazid","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Amphetamine, Isocarboxazid","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"isocarboxazid"},{"url":"/drug/pargyline","drug":"pargyline","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Amphetamine, Pargyline","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"pargyline"},{"url":"/drug/phenelzine","drug":"phenelzine","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Amphetamine, Phenelzine","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"phenelzine"},{"url":"/drug/tranylcypromine","drug":"tranylcypromine","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Amphetamine, Tranylcypromine","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"tranylcypromine"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Psychotic episodes","drugRate":"rare","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Rhabdomyolysis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Cardiomyopathy","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Impotence","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Changes in libido","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Frequent or prolonged erections","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Exacerbation of motor and phonic tics and Tourettes syndrome","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Tachycardia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Elevation of blood pressure","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Palpitations","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Overstimulation","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Restlessness","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Insomnia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Euphoria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Dyskinesia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Dysphoria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Tremor","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Anorexia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Weight loss","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Dryness of the mouth","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Unpleasant taste","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Diarrhea","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Constipation","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Other gastrointestinal disturbances","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Urticaria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"}],"contraindications":["Acute exacerbation of asthma","Aggressive behavior","Alcoholism","Anemia","Angle-closure glaucoma","Anorexia nervosa","Arteriosclerotic vascular disease","Bipolar disorder","Breastfeeding (mother)","Cardiomyopathy","Cardiovascular event risk","Cerebrovascular accident","Chronic heart failure","Chronic obstructive lung disease","Conduction disorder of the heart","Dependent drug abuse","Depressive disorder","Diabetes mellitus","Disease of liver","Disorder of cardiovascular system","Disorder of coronary artery","Feeling agitated","Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","Glaucoma","Hepatic coma"],"specialPopulations":{"Lactation":"Based on limited case reports in published literature, amphetamine d- or d, l-) is present in human milk, at relative infant doses of 2% to 13.8% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and milk/plasma ratio ranging between 1.9 and 7.5. There are no reports of adverse effects on the breastfed infant. Long-term neurodevelopmental effects on infants from amphetamine exposure are unknown. It is possible that large dosages of amphetamine might interfere with milk production.","Pregnancy":"Based on animal data, may cause fetal harm. Amphetamine, in the enantiomer ratio present in ADZENYS XR-ODT (d- to l- ratio of 3:1), had no apparent effects on embryofetal morphological development or survival when orally administered to pregnant rats and rabbits throughout the period of organogenesis at doses of up to and 16 mg/kg/day, respectively. These doses are approximately and 12 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) for adolescents of 12.5 mg/day (as base), on mg/m body surface area basis. Fetal malformations and death have been reported in mice following parenteral administration of d-amphetamine doses of 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 10 times the MRHD for adolescents on mg/m basis) or greater to pregnant animals. Administration of these doses was also associated with severe maternal toxicity. study was conducted in which pregnant rats received daily oral doses of amphetamine (d- to l- enantiomer ratio of 3:1, the same as in ADZENYS XR-ODT) of 2, 6, and 10 mg/kg from gestation day to lactation day 20. These doses are approximately 0.8, 2, and times the MRHD for adolescents of 12.5 mg/day (as base), on mg/m basis. All doses caused hyperactivity and decreased weight gain in the dams. There are no reports of adverse effects on the breastfed infant. Long-term neurodevelopmental effects on infants from amphetamine exposure are unknown. It is possible that large dosages of amphetamine might interfere with milk production.","Geriatric use":"Dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate tablets have not been studied in the geriatric population.","Paediatric use":"Long-term effects of amphetamines in children have not been well established. Amphetamines are not recommended for use as anorectic agents in children under 12 years of age, or in children under years of age with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity described under INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Clinical experience suggests that in psychotic children, administration of amphetamines may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder. Amphetamines have been reported "}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Azurity","patents":[{"applNo":"N209905","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Mar 10, 2037","useCode":"U-3299","territory":"US","drugProduct":false,"patentNumber":"11896562","drugSubstance":false},{"applNo":"N209905","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Mar 10, 2037","useCode":"","territory":"US","drugProduct":true,"patentNumber":"10441554","drugSubstance":false},{"applNo":"N209905","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Mar 10, 2037","useCode":"","territory":"US","drugProduct":true,"patentNumber":"11160772","drugSubstance":false}],"pricing":[{"market":"United States","source":"CMS National Average Drug Acquisition Cost (NADAC)","asOfDate":"2024-01-03","unitCost":"$0.6524/EA","priceType":"NADAC","sourceUrl":"https://data.medicaid.gov/dataset/4j6z-xnwq","annualCost":"$238","description":"AMPHETAMINE SULFATE 10 MG TAB","retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=AMPHETAMINE SULFATE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:51:04.135714+00:00"},"patents":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Orange Book","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_orange_book","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:51:04.135633+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:51:09.167414+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:51:03.037769+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=AMPHETAMINE SULFATE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:51:09.530740+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:50:57.919683+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (boxed_warning)","rawText":"WARNING: ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION Amphetamine sulfate tablets have a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including amphetamine sulfate, can result in overdose and death ( see OVERDOSAGE ), and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. Before prescribing amphetamine sulfate tablets, assess each patient’s","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:50:57.919717+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:51:11.613915+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Norepinephrine transporter releasing agent","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:51:11.145063+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL501/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:51:10.704200+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"ANDA213583","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:50:57.919722+00:00"}},"allNames":["amphetamine aspartate monohydrate","benzadrine","amphetamine","adderall","1-Benzylethylamine","phenedrine","(+/-)-1-Phenyl-2-aminopropane","amfetamine","amphetamine sulfate","amphetamine aspartate","amphetamine adipate","amphetamine resin complex"],"offLabel":[],"synonyms":["amphetamine aspartate monohydrate","benzadrine","amphetamine","adderall","1-Benzylethylamine","phenedrine","(+/-)-1-Phenyl-2-aminopropane","amfetamine","amphetamine sulfate","amphetamine aspartate","amphetamine adipate","amphetamine resin complex"],"timeline":[{"date":"1955-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from UCB INC to Azurity"},{"date":"1955-09-09","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Ucb Inc)"},{"date":"2019-04-17","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Generic entry — 4 manufacturers approved"}],"aiSummary":"Amphetamine Sulfate is a central nervous system stimulant originally developed by UCB INC and currently owned by Azurity. It targets the sodium-dependent dopamine transporter to increase dopamine levels in the brain, treating conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity. Amphetamine Sulfate has been FDA-approved since 1955 and is available as a generic medication from multiple manufacturers. Its half-life is approximately 7.3 hours, and it is a small molecule modality. Key safety considerations include potential for abuse and dependence.","brandName":"Amphetamine Sulfate","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","otherDrugs":[{"name":"atomoxetine","slug":"atomoxetine","company":"Lilly"},{"name":"clonidine","slug":"clonidine","company":"Boehringer Ingelheim"},{"name":"dexamfetamine","slug":"dexamfetamine","company":"Ucb Inc"},{"name":"dexmethylphenidate","slug":"dexmethylphenidate","company":"Novartis"}],"globalPrevalence":130000000},{"indication":"Narcolepsy","otherDrugs":[{"name":"armodafinil","slug":"armodafinil","company":"Cephalon"},{"name":"dexamfetamine","slug":"dexamfetamine","company":"Ucb Inc"},{"name":"methylphenidate","slug":"methylphenidate","company":"Novartis"},{"name":"modafinil","slug":"modafinil","company":"Cephalon"}],"globalPrevalence":2400000},{"indication":"Obesity","otherDrugs":[{"name":"benzphetamine","slug":"benzphetamine","company":"Pharmacia And Upjohn"},{"name":"bupropion","slug":"bupropion","company":"Glaxosmithkline"},{"name":"chlorphentermine","slug":"chlorphentermine","company":"Parke Davis"},{"name":"diethylpropion","slug":"diethylpropion","company":"Actavis Labs Ut Inc"}],"globalPrevalence":890000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"SLC6A3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter","protein":"Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter"},{"gene":"TAAR1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Trace amine-associated receptor 1","protein":"Trace amine-associated receptor 1"},{"gene":"SLC6A4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter","protein":"Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter"},{"gene":"ADRA1A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"ADRA2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"CARTPT","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein","protein":"Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein"},{"gene":"SLC6A2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter","protein":"Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Central Nervous System Stimulant","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Amphetamine Sulfate acts as a reuptake inhibitor of dopamine by binding to the sodium-dependent dopamine transporter, thereby increasing the concentration of dopamine in the synaptic cleft and enhancing dopaminergic transmission."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1955","revenueYear":2025,"_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1955-09-09, UCB INC)","annualRevenue":172,"revenueSource":"Teva 2026-02-03 (verified from SEC filing)","revenueCurrency":"USD","revenueConfidence":"high"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/195","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=AMPHETAMINE%20SULFATE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=AMPHETAMINE SULFATE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T02:53:10.407568","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:51:14.455952+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"dexamfetamine","drugSlug":"dexamfetamine","fdaApproval":"1955-09-09","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methamphetamine","drugSlug":"methamphetamine","fdaApproval":"1943-12-31","genericCount":5,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methylphenidate","drugSlug":"methylphenidate","fdaApproval":"1955-12-05","patentExpiry":"Jun 5, 2026","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"pemoline","drugSlug":"pemoline","fdaApproval":"1975-01-27","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"modafinil","drugSlug":"modafinil","fdaApproval":"1998-12-24","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"atomoxetine","drugSlug":"atomoxetine","fdaApproval":"2002-11-26","genericCount":8,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"dexmethylphenidate","drugSlug":"dexmethylphenidate","fdaApproval":"2001-11-13","genericCount":19,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"lisdexamfetamine","drugSlug":"lisdexamfetamine","fdaApproval":"2007-02-23","patentExpiry":"Aug 30, 2040","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"armodafinil","drugSlug":"armodafinil","fdaApproval":"2007-06-05","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"solriamfetol","drugSlug":"solriamfetol","fdaApproval":"2019-03-20","patentExpiry":"Sep 5, 2037","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"serdexmethylphenidate","drugSlug":"serdexmethylphenidate","fdaApproval":"2021-03-02","relationship":"same-class"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://data.medicaid.gov/dataset/4j6z-xnwq","name":"CMS National Average Drug Acquisition Cost (NADAC)","fields":["pricing"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"amphetamine sulfate","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":406506008,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":10000000,"globalPrevalence":130000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Lancet Psychiatry, 2023"},{"name":"Narcolepsy","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":60380001,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":{"age":"no specific age mentioned","symptoms":"no specific symptoms mentioned","diagnosis":"no specific diagnosis mentioned","requirements":"no specific requirements mentioned","special considerations":"no specific considerations mentioned"},"usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":2400000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (24849861[PMID]_[EXPERT])"},{"name":"Obesity","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":414916001,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":{"age":"no specific age mentioned","symptoms":"no specific symptoms mentioned","diagnosis":"no specific diagnosis mentioned","requirements":"no specific requirements mentioned","special considerations":"no specific considerations mentioned"},"usPrevalence":100000000,"globalPrevalence":890000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"WHO, 2024"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"currentOwner":"Azurity","drugCategory":"established","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"dexamfetamine","brandName":"dexamfetamine","genericName":"dexamfetamine","approvalYear":"1955","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methamphetamine","brandName":"methamphetamine","genericName":"methamphetamine","approvalYear":"1943","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methylphenidate","brandName":"methylphenidate","genericName":"methylphenidate","approvalYear":"1955","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"pemoline","brandName":"pemoline","genericName":"pemoline","approvalYear":"1975","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"modafinil","brandName":"modafinil","genericName":"modafinil","approvalYear":"1998","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"atomoxetine","brandName":"atomoxetine","genericName":"atomoxetine","approvalYear":"2002","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"dexmethylphenidate","brandName":"dexmethylphenidate","genericName":"dexmethylphenidate","approvalYear":"2001","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"lisdexamfetamine","brandName":"lisdexamfetamine","genericName":"lisdexamfetamine","approvalYear":"2007","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"armodafinil","brandName":"armodafinil","genericName":"armodafinil","approvalYear":"2007","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"solriamfetol","brandName":"solriamfetol","genericName":"solriamfetol","approvalYear":"2019","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05529927","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Sustained-release Dexamphetamine in Patients With Moderate to Severe Cocaine Use Disorder","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Parnassia Addiction Research Centre","startDate":"2026-05","conditions":["Cocaine Use Disorder"],"enrollment":204,"completionDate":"2029-10"},{"nctId":"NCT07479771","phase":"NA","title":"tTIS Targeted of the Striatum as an Intervention for MUD Patients","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Shanghai Mental Health Center","startDate":"2026-03-26","conditions":["Amphetamine Use Disorders"],"enrollment":60,"completionDate":"2026-06-30"},{"nctId":"NCT06853665","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The TEAM Study - Treatment Efficacy for Autism/Attention Using Mixed Amphetamine","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Gagan Joshi","startDate":"2026-02-01","conditions":["Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)","Autism","Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"enrollment":196,"completionDate":"2030-02-01"},{"nctId":"NCT07314333","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Trial to Assess How Centanafadine Interacts With Stimulants in the Body","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.","startDate":"2026-02-05","conditions":["ADHD"],"enrollment":42,"completionDate":"2026-04-03"},{"nctId":"NCT05854667","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Clinical Trial of High Dose Lisdexamfetamine and Contingency Management in MA Users","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)","startDate":"2023-12-05","conditions":["Methamphetamine Abuse","Methamphetamine-dependence","Addiction, Substance","Addiction"],"enrollment":440,"completionDate":"2028-04"},{"nctId":"NCT04599504","phase":"PHASE2,PHASE3","title":"Pharmacological and Behavioral Treatment After Bariatric Surgery: Medication Change for Non-Responders (Stage 2b)","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Yale University","startDate":"2022-01-02","conditions":["Loss-of-control Eating","Obesity/Overweight"],"enrollment":60,"completionDate":"2027-05"},{"nctId":"NCT05380440","phase":"NA","title":"Preventing Parental Opioid and/or Methamphetamine Addiction Within DHS-Involved Families: PRE-FAIR","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Chestnut Health Systems","startDate":"2021-06-09","conditions":["Opioid-Related Disorders","Stimulant-Related Disorder","Child Neglect","Mental Health Impairment"],"enrollment":241,"completionDate":"2025-06-02"},{"nctId":"NCT06967857","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Clinical Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Two Dexamfetamine Sulfate Formulations in Adults With ADHD and Moderate to Severe Depression","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Prof. Dr. Frank Behrens","startDate":"2025-05-15","conditions":["Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)","Depression - Major Depressive Disorder"],"enrollment":105,"completionDate":"2026-12"},{"nctId":"NCT05416125","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Vyvanse in Children Aged 6 to 12 Years","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Minnesota","startDate":"2023-12-20","conditions":["Obesity, Childhood"],"enrollment":44,"completionDate":"2027-07-31"},{"nctId":"NCT03926052","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Cognitive-Behavioral and Pharmacologic (LDX) Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder and Obesity: Maintenance Treatment","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yale University","startDate":"2019-08-07","conditions":["Binge-Eating Disorder","Obesity"],"enrollment":61,"completionDate":"2024-11-18"},{"nctId":"NCT04414930","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Pharmacologic Augmentation of Targeted Cognitive Training in Schizophrenia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of California, San Diego","startDate":"2020-11-09","conditions":["Schizophrenia","Schizoaffective Disorder"],"enrollment":68,"completionDate":"2024-12-30"},{"nctId":"NCT06165198","phase":"NA","title":"Individualized Neuromodulation for the Core Clinical Features of Drug 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