{"id":"amobarbital","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"amobarbital","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"N05CA02","category":"atc"},{"label":"Intramuscular","category":"route"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Epilepsy","category":"indication"},{"label":"General anesthesia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Insomnia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Local anesthesia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Narcoanalysis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Seizure disorder","category":"indication"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Depressants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"GABA Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"GABA Modulators","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Hypnotics and Sedatives","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/cyp2a6-substrates","drug":"CYP2A6 Substrates","action":"Use caution","effect":"Strong CYP2A6 Inducers - CYP2A6 Substrates","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"cyp2a6-substrates"},{"url":"/drug/anisindione","drug":"anisindione","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Anisindione","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"anisindione"},{"url":"/drug/aripiprazole","drug":"aripiprazole","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Aripiprazole","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"aripiprazole"},{"url":"/drug/dicoumarol","drug":"dicoumarol","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Dicumarol","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"dicoumarol"},{"url":"/drug/estradiol","drug":"estradiol","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Estradiol","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"estradiol"},{"url":"/drug/ethinylestradiol","drug":"ethinylestradiol","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Ethinyl Estradiol","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"ethinylestradiol"},{"url":"/drug/phenprocoumon","drug":"phenprocoumon","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Phenprocoumon","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"phenprocoumon"},{"url":"/drug/quetiapine","drug":"quetiapine","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Quetiapine Fumarate","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"quetiapine"},{"url":"/drug/risperidone","drug":"risperidone","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Risperidone","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"risperidone"},{"url":"/drug/warfarin","drug":"warfarin","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Warfarin","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"warfarin"}],"commonSideEffects":[],"contraindications":["Acute exacerbation of asthma","Alcoholism","Anemia","Apnea","Chronic obstructive lung disease","Decreased respiratory function","Depressive disorder","Disease of liver","Disorder of lung","Heart disease","Hepatic coma","Hepatic encephalopathy","Hepatic failure","Hyperactive behavior","Hyperammonemia","Hypertensive disorder","Kidney disease","Low blood pressure","Neutropenic disorder","Pneumonia","Porphyria","Pregnancy, function","Respiratory insufficiency","Sleep apnea","Sleep automatism"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Reports of infants suffering from long-term barbiturate exposure in utero included the acute withdrawal syndrome of seizures and hyperirritability from birth to delayed onset of up to 14 days. Safety and effectiveness have not been established in children below the age of years.","Paediatric use":"Safety and effectiveness have not been established in children below the age of years."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=AMOBARBITAL","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:30:03.539587+00:00"},"aiSummary":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"AI Strategic Summary","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"ai_extraction","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:30:18.617667+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:30:09.632824+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=AMOBARBITAL","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:30:10.232540+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL2105941/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:30:11.018705+00:00"}},"allNames":"amobarbitone","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["amobarbital sodium","amobarbital","amobarbitone","amylbarbitone","amylobarbital","amylobarbitone","barbamyl acid","ethylisopentylbarbituric acid","isoamylethylbarbituric acid","isopentobarbital"],"timeline":[],"aiSummary":"Amobarbital, a marketed barbiturate, competes in the epilepsy treatment market with a mechanism that enhances GABA activity to produce a calming effect. Its key strength lies in the patent protection extending until 2028, providing a period of exclusivity for its composition. The primary risk is the strong competition from off-patent generics of same-class drugs such as pentobarbital and secobarbital, which may limit market share and revenue potential.","brandName":"Amobarbitone","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Epilepsy","otherDrugs":[{"name":"carbamazepine","slug":"carbamazepine","company":"Novartis"},{"name":"diazepam","slug":"diazepam","company":"Roche"},{"name":"felbamate","slug":"felbamate","company":"Meda Pharms"},{"name":"fosphenytoin","slug":"fosphenytoin","company":"Parke Davis"}],"globalPrevalence":50000000},{"indication":"General anesthesia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylcysteine","slug":"acetylcysteine","company":"Apothecon"},{"name":"alfentanil","slug":"alfentanil","company":"Akorn"},{"name":"alimemazine","slug":"alimemazine","company":"Allergan 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the GABA_A receptor, increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening and resulting in hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane, which reduces neuronal excitability and leads to sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/184","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=AMOBARBITAL","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=AMOBARBITAL","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T08:42:57.933582","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":1,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-19T23:30:18.617787+00:00","fieldsConflicting":2,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"pentobarbital","drugSlug":"pentobarbital","fdaApproval":"1973-09-19","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"secobarbital","drugSlug":"secobarbital","fdaApproval":"1950-07-19","genericCount":19,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic 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