{"id":"alpidem","rwe":[{"pmid":"41585699","year":"2026","title":"Imidazo[1,2‑a]pyridines in Medicinal Chemistry: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biological Activities.","finding":"","journal":"ACS omega","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40468388","year":"2025","title":"In Silico drug evaluation by molecular docking, ADME studies and DFT calculations of 2-(6-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-N, N-dipropylacetamide.","finding":"","journal":"BMC pharmacology & toxicology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39461622","year":"2024","title":"Nonsedating anxiolytics.","finding":"","journal":"Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"38509674","year":"2024","title":"Imidazo[1,2-A]Pyridine: Potent Biological Activity, SAR and Docking Investigations (2017-2022).","finding":"","journal":"Infectious disorders drug targets","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"37250767","year":"2023","title":"Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives synthesis from lignin β-O-4 segments via a one-pot multicomponent reaction.","finding":"","journal":"iScience","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"alpidem","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Translocator protein","category":"target"},{"label":"TSPO","category":"gene"},{"label":"ABCB11","category":"gene"},{"label":"GABRA1","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Anxiety disorder","category":"indication"},{"label":"Anti-Anxiety Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Depressants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Psychotropic Drugs","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Tranquilizing Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ALPIDEM","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:26:52.708900+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpidem","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:27:00.364128+00:00"},"aiSummary":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"AI Strategic Summary","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"ai_extraction","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:27:06.966123+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:26:58.792326+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ALPIDEM","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:26:59.192744+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Translocator protein partial agonist","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:27:00.364069+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL54349/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:27:00.014984+00:00"}},"allNames":"ananxyl","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["alpidem","ananxyl"],"timeline":[{"date":"1991-01-01","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"YEAR INTRODUCED approval"}],"aiSummary":"Alpidem (Ananxyl) is a marketed anxiolytic that binds to the translocator protein to regulate GABA activity, primarily indicated for anxiety disorders. Its key strength lies in its unique mechanism of action, distinguishing it from off-patent competitors like disulfiram. The primary risk is the key composition patent expiry in 2028, which could lead to increased competition from generics.","brandName":"Ananxyl","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Anxiety disorder","otherDrugs":[],"globalPrevalence":301000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Translocator protein","targets":[{"gene":"TSPO","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Translocator protein","protein":"Translocator protein"},{"gene":"ABCB11","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Bile salt export pump","protein":"Bile salt export pump"},{"gene":"GABRA1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1","protein":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"alpidem","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Ananxyl acts as a partial agonist at the translocator protein, which is a mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of GABA release and other cellular processes."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpidem","title":"Alpidem","extract":"Alpidem, sold under the brand name Ananxyl, is a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic medication which was briefly used to treat anxiety disorders but is no longer marketed. It was previously marketed in France, but was discontinued due to liver toxicity. Alpidem is taken by mouth.","wiki_history":"==History==\nAlpidem was developed by Synthélabo Recherche (subsequently Sanofi-Synthélabo and now Sanofi-Aventis). It was developed under the code name SL 80.0342 and was first described in the literature by 1982. The drug reached phase 3 clinical trials in these countries. All development in other countries was discontinued by 1999. Alpidem was withdrawn from the market in France in 1993 due to liver toxicity. It was never marketed in any other country.","wiki_society_and_culture":"==Society and culture==\n\n===Names===\nAlpidem is the generic name of the drug and its , , , and . The developmental code name of alpidem was SL 80.0342. Alpidem was previously marketed under the brand name Ananxyl.\n\n===Availability===\nAlpidem was previously marketed in France, but is no longer available in any country."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/134","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ALPIDEM","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpidem","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T08:38:37.647502","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":1,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-19T23:27:06.966218+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"disulfiram","drugSlug":"disulfiram","fdaApproval":"1951-08-28","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"}],"genericName":"alpidem","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Anxiety disorder","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":197480006,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":40000000,"globalPrevalence":301000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"WHO, 2022"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"disulfiram","brandName":"disulfiram","genericName":"disulfiram","approvalYear":"1951","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"UNII":"I93SC245QZ","CHEBI":"CHEBI:135649","INN_ID":"5740","UMLSCUI":"C0051484","chemblId":"CHEMBL54349","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL54349","KEGG_DRUG":"D02833","PUBCHEM_CID":"54897","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C052036"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":136,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2026 Jan 20","pmid":"41585699","title":"Imidazo[1,2‑a]pyridines in Medicinal Chemistry: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Biological Activities.","journal":"ACS omega"},{"date":"2025 Jun 4","pmid":"40468388","title":"In Silico drug evaluation by molecular docking, ADME studies and DFT calculations of 2-(6-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-N, N-dipropylacetamide.","journal":"BMC pharmacology & toxicology"},{"date":"2024 Dec","pmid":"39461622","title":"Nonsedating anxiolytics.","journal":"Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior"},{"date":"2024","pmid":"38509674","title":"Imidazo[1,2-A]Pyridine: Potent Biological Activity, SAR and Docking Investigations (2017-2022).","journal":"Infectious disorders drug targets"},{"date":"2023 Jun 16","pmid":"37250767","title":"Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives synthesis from lignin β-O-4 segments via a one-pot multicomponent reaction.","journal":"iScience"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"withdrawn","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health Canada","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":"","brand_name_local":"","application_number":""},{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null}],"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":1,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-19T23:27:06.966218+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"verificationStatus":"enriching","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":false,"indications":true,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}