{"id":"all-registered-antiepileptic-drugs","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"5-20","effect":"Ataxia"},{"rate":"10-25","effect":"Somnolence"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Diplopia"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Rash (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome)"},{"rate":"1-3","effect":"Hepatotoxicity"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Hyponatremia"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1090624","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"1343.77"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) comprise a diverse class with heterogeneous mechanisms of action. Common mechanisms include inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels (phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine), enhancement of GABAergic inhibition (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, valproate), modulation of T-type and L-type calcium channels (ethosuximide, gabapentin), and other mechanisms such as SV2A binding (levetiracetam) or carbonic anhydrase inhibition (topiramate). These mechanisms collectively reduce seizure threshold and neuronal firing.","oneSentence":"Antiepileptic drugs work through multiple mechanisms including sodium channel blockade, GABA enhancement, calcium channel modulation, and other pathways to reduce neuronal excitability and prevent seizures.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:24:48.604Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Epilepsy (generalized and focal seizures)"},{"name":"Status epilepticus"},{"name":"Seizure prophylaxis"},{"name":"Neuropathic pain (off-label for some agents)"},{"name":"Bipolar disorder (off-label for some agents)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00099060","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Lapatinib in Treating Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","startDate":"2004-12","conditions":"Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors","enrollment":24},{"nctId":"NCT00133081","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study to Improve the Treatment of Epilepsy (SITE)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"UMC Utrecht","startDate":"2002-10","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":255}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":472,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"All registered antiepileptic drugs","genericName":"All registered antiepileptic drugs","companyName":"UMC Utrecht","companyId":"umc-utrecht","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Antiepileptic drugs work through multiple mechanisms including sodium channel blockade, GABA enhancement, calcium channel modulation, and other pathways to reduce neuronal excitability and prevent seizures. Used for Epilepsy (generalized and focal seizures), Status epilepticus, Seizure prophylaxis.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}