{"id":"alitretinoin","rwe":[{"pmid":"41872419","year":"2026","title":"A Retrospective Real-World Comparison of Topical Delgocitinib and Localized Cream Psoralen-Ultraviolet A in Chronic Hand Eczema.","finding":"","journal":"Dermatology and therapy","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41779760","year":"2026","title":"Expert Consensus on Advanced Topical Nonsteroidal Therapies for Chronic Hand Eczema.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41692081","year":"2026","title":"Vitamins and the skin: Vitamin A and retinoids in dermatology.","finding":"","journal":"Clinics in dermatology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41649146","year":"2026","title":"The Patient Journey: From Diagnosis to Therapeutic Management of Chronic Hand Eczema.","finding":"","journal":"Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41589894","year":"2026","title":"Retinoids enhance NK effector function against HIV-infected CD4 T cells.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of virology","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"5b7465cd-3367-44ee-a11d-d021d6400a23","set_id":"49c16717-7d86-4257-80c9-baa1417e5555","openfda":{"nui":["N0000175607","M0018962"],"upc":["0359212601223"],"unii":["1UA8E65KDZ"],"route":["TOPICAL"],"rxcui":["213502","313847"],"spl_id":["5b7465cd-3367-44ee-a11d-d021d6400a23"],"brand_name":["PANRETIN"],"spl_set_id":["49c16717-7d86-4257-80c9-baa1417e5555"],"package_ndc":["59212-601-22"],"product_ndc":["59212-601"],"generic_name":["ALITRETINOIN"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"pharm_class_cs":["Retinoids [CS]"],"substance_name":["ALITRETINOIN"],"pharm_class_epc":["Retinoid [EPC]"],"manufacturer_name":["Advanz Pharma (US) Corp."],"application_number":["NDA020886"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"6","pregnancy":["8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on findings in animal studies and its mechanism of action, PANRETIN GEL can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Oral administration of alitretinoin to pregnant animals during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic and embryo lethal at exposures at least 5 times the estimated daily human topical dose ( see Data ). There are no data on the use of PANRETIN GEL in pregnant women. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Oral administration of alitretinoin to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis resulted in early resorptions, post-implantation loss, and fetal defects (limb, craniofacial, fused sternebrae) at doses ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/day (approximately 5 times the estimated daily human topical dose based on body surface area, assuming complete systemic absorption of alitretinoin, when PANRETIN GEL is administered as a 60 g tube over 1 month in a 60 kg human). Early resorptions and post-implantation loss also occurred in rats administered oral alitretinoin at doses ≥5 mg/kg/day (approximately 25 times the estimated daily human topical dose based on body surface area). Limb and craniofacial defects also occurred in mice administered oral alitretinoin on day 11 of gestation at single doses ≥50 mg/kg (approximately 127 times the estimated daily human topical dose based on body surface area)."],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION PANRETIN GEL is a retinoid. PANRETIN GEL 0.1% contains alitretinoin and is intended for topical application only. The chemical name is (2E,4E,6Z,8E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid, also known as 9-cis-retinoic acid. Chemically, alitretinoin is related to vitamin A. It is a yellow powder with a molecular weight of 300.44 and a molecular formula of C 20 H 28 O 2 . It is slightly soluble in ethanol (7.01 mg/g at 25℃) and insoluble in water. The structural formula of alitretinoin is as follows: PANRETIN GEL is a clear, yellow gel containing 0.1% (w/w) alitretinoin. Each gram of PANRETIN GEL contains 1 mg alitretinoin. PANRETIN GEL contains the following inactive ingredients: butylated hydroxytoluene NF, dehydrated alcohol USP 92%, hydroxypropyl cellulose NF, and polyethylene glycol 400 NF. alitretinion"],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING PANRETIN GEL is a clear yellow gel and is supplied in a 60-gram tubes containing 0.1% alitretinoin. Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. PANRETIN GEL is flammable; keep away from heat or flame."],"geriatric_use":["8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of PANRETIN GEL did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger adult patients."],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of PANRETIN GEL have not been established in pediatric patients."],"effective_time":"20251125","clinical_studies":["14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Kaposi’s Sarcoma PANRETIN GEL was evaluated in two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled studies in adult patients with cutaneous lesions of AIDS-related KS. In both studies the primary efficacy objective was the patients’ cutaneous KS tumor response rate through 12 weeks of study drug treatment which was assessed by evaluating from 3 to 8 KS index lesions according to the modified AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) response criteria as applied to topical therapy (i.e., evaluation of height and area reductions of the index lesions only; progressive disease in non-index lesions and new lesions were not considered progressive disease; progressive disease was scored only in the treated index lesions). A global evaluation by physicians was also carried out. It considered all the patient’s treated lesions (index and other) compared to baseline. In this evaluation, patients with at least a 50% improvement in the KS lesions were considered responders. In addition, photographs of lesions in patients considered responders by the modified ACTG criteria were examined by the FDA for a cosmetically beneficial response, defined as at least a 50% improvement in appearance compared to baseline, considering both the KS lesions and dermal toxicity at the lesion site, in at least 50% of the index lesions and maintained for at least 3 weeks. Visceral disease was not monitored in these trials and the appearance of new KS lesions was not considered part of the response assessment. In Trial 1, a total of 268 patients were entered from centers in the U.S. and Canada. Patients were treated topically three to four times a day with either PANRETIN GEL or a matching vehicle gel for a minimum of 12 weeks, followed by an open-label phase in patients who had not yet progressed on PANRETIN GEL. Median age of patients was 39 years, 99% were men, 75% were White, 16% Hispanic, and 7% Black. Fifty-seven percent of patients had a CD4+ lymphocyte count <200/mm3 and 36% had CD4+ lymphocyte count less than 100/mm3; 12% had visceral KS. Responses during the double-blind phase are shown in Table 2 . New lesions in untreated areas were seen in about 50% of patients. Trial 2 was an international study with a planned enrollment of 270 patients. Patients were treated topically twice a day with PANRETIN GEL or a matching vehicle for 12 weeks. The study was stopped early because of positive-interim results in the initial 82 patients. Median age of patients was 36 years for PANRETIN-GEL and 39 years for matching vehicle; all patients were men; 89% White; 5% Hispanic, and 4% Black; 67% had a CD4+ lymphocyte count ≤200/mm3 and 39% had CD4+ lymphocyte count ≤100/mm3; and 16% had visceral KS. Results of the study are shown in Table 2 . Responses to PANRETIN GEL were seen both in previously untreated patients and in patients with prior systemic and/or topical KS treatment. Table 2: Response Rates Trial 1 Trial 2 PANRETIN GEL N=134 Vehicle Gel N=134 PANRETIN GEL N=36 Vehicle Gel N=45 Modified ACTG Response 35%* 16% 36% 7% P = 0.0012 Physician’s Global Subjective Assessment (all treated lesions) 19% 4% 47% 11% P = 0.00014 Photograph Response 15% 4% 19% 2% P = 0.0026 *All responses were partial responses except 1% complete response for modified ACTG response in Trial 1. In the clinical trials, the cumulative percentage of patients who experienced a response was less than 1% at 2 weeks, 10% at 4 weeks, and 28% at 8 weeks. Photographs of some patients revealed an erythematous and edematous response, leading to a cosmetically mixed outcome."],"pharmacodynamics":["12.2 Pharmacodynamics Alitretinoin exposure-response relationships and the time course of pharmacodynamic response are unknown."],"pharmacokinetics":["12.3 Pharmacokinetics The range of 9-cis-retinoic acid plasma concentrations in patients with cutaneous lesions of AIDS-related KS after multiple daily applications of PANRETIN GEL for up to 60 weeks was similar to the range of circulating, naturally occurring 9-cis-retinoic acid plasma concentrations in untreated healthy participants. Elimination Metabolism 9-cis-retinoic acid is metabolized to 4-hydroxy-9-cis-retinoic acid and 4-oxo-9-cis-retinoic acid by CYP2C9, 3A4, 1A1, and 1A2. 4-oxo-9-cis-retinoic acid is the major circulating metabolite following oral administration of 9-cis-retinoic acid."],"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: • Photosensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Most common adverse reactions (> 5%) at the application site are rash, pain, paresthesia, pruritis, exfoliative dermatitis, edema, and skin disorders. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Advanz Pharma (US) Corp. at 1-877-370-1142 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of PANRETIN GEL was assessed in two multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trials (Trial 1 and Trial 2) in patients with cutaneous lesions of AIDS-related KS [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . In a pooled analysis of both trials, the most common adverse reactions in ≥ 5% of patients were rash, pain, paresthesia, pruritis, exfoliative dermatitis, edema, and skin disorder. In Trial 1, severe local skin adverse reactions (erythema and edema with or without vesiculation) occurred in 10% of patients during the first 12 weeks of treatment (versus 0% in the vehicle control). Adverse reactions led to withdrawal from the study in 7% of patients. In Trial 2, severe local skin adverse reactions (erythema and edema with or without vesiculation) occurred in 6% of patients during the first 12 weeks of treatment (versus 0% in the vehicle control) and 1 patient withdrew due to severe skin irritation. Table 1 lists the most common application site adverse reactions that occurred in a least 5% of patients during the double-blind phase who received PANRETIN GEL in either of the two controlled studies. TABLE 1: Adverse Reactions at Application Site in Trial 1 and 2 in ≥ 5% of Patients Treated with PANRETIN GEL A dverse Event Term Trial 1 Trial 2 PANRETIN GEL N=134 % Vehicle Gel N=134 % PANRETIN GEL N=36 % Vehicle Gel N=46 % Rash 1 77 11 25 4 Pain 2 34 7 0 4 Pruritus 3 11 4 8 4 Exfoliative dermatitis 4 9 2 3 0 Skin disorder 5 8 1 0 0 Edema 6 8 3 3 0 Parethesia 7 3 0 22 7 Includes Investigator terms: 1 Erythema, scaling, irritation, redness, rash, dermatitis 2 Burning, pain 3 Itching, pruritus 4 Flaking, peeling, desquamation, exfoliation 5 Excoriation, cracking, scab, crusting, drainage, eschar, fissure or oozing 6 Edema, swelling, inflammation 7 Stinging, tingling"],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS PANRETIN GEL is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to retinoids or to any of the ingredients of the product. Hypersensitivity to retinoids or any component of PANRETIN GEL ( 4 )"],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a naturally occurring endogenous retinoid that binds to and activates all known intracellular retinoid receptor subtypes (RARα, RARβ, RARγ, RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ). Once activated these receptors function as transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes that control the process of cellular differentiation and proliferation in both normal and neoplastic cells. Alitretinoin inhibits the growth of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) cells in vitro."],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a naturally occurring endogenous retinoid that binds to and activates all known intracellular retinoid receptor subtypes (RARα, RARβ, RARγ, RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ). Once activated these receptors function as transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes that control the process of cellular differentiation and proliferation in both normal and neoplastic cells. Alitretinoin inhibits the growth of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) cells in vitro. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Alitretinoin exposure-response relationships and the time course of pharmacodynamic response are unknown. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics The range of 9-cis-retinoic acid plasma concentrations in patients with cutaneous lesions of AIDS-related KS after multiple daily applications of PANRETIN GEL for up to 60 weeks was similar to the range of circulating, naturally occurring 9-cis-retinoic acid plasma concentrations in untreated healthy participants. Elimination Metabolism 9-cis-retinoic acid is metabolized to 4-hydroxy-9-cis-retinoic acid and 4-oxo-9-cis-retinoic acid by CYP2C9, 3A4, 1A1, and 1A2. 4-oxo-9-cis-retinoic acid is the major circulating metabolite following oral administration of 9-cis-retinoic acid."],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE 1.1 Kaposi’s Sarcoma PANRETIN GEL is indicated for topical treatment of cutaneous lesions in adults with AIDS related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Limitations of Use: PANRETIN GEL is not indicated when systemic anti-KS therapy is required (including more than 10 new KS lesions in the prior month, symptomatic lymphedema, symptomatic pulmonary KS, or symptomatic visceral involvement) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . PANRETIN GEL is a retinoid indicated for the topical treatment of cutaneous lesions in adults with AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Limitations of Use : PANRETIN GEL is not indicated when systemic anti-Kaposi’s sarcoma therapy is required."],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Embryo-Fetal Toxicity : Can cause fetal harm. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use an effective method of contraception. ( 5.1 . 8.1 , 8.3 ) • Photosensitivity : Minimize exposure to sunlight and sunlamps. ( 5.2 ) • DEET toxicity : Do not use DEET-containing products ( 5.3 ) 5.1 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on data from animal studies and its mechanism of action, PANRETIN GEL can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Oral administration of alitretinoin to pregnant animals during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic and embryo-lethal at exposures 5 times the estimated daily human topical dose. Advise women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise women of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with PANRETIN GEL and for 1 week after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 , 8.3 )] . 5.2 Photosensitivity Retinoids as a class have been associated with photosensitivity. Advise patients to minimize exposure of treated areas to sunlight and sunlamps during the use of PANRETIN GEL. 5.3 Toxicity with DEET-Containing Products Animal toxicology studies showed increased DEET toxicity when DEET was included as part of the formulation. Advise patients to not use PANRETIN GEL concurrently with products that contain DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), a common component of insect repellent products."],"clinical_studies_table":["
Trial 1 Trial 2
PANRETIN GEL N=134 Vehicle Gel N=134 PANRETIN GEL N=36 Vehicle Gel N=45
Modified ACTG Response 35%* 16% 36% 7%
P = 0.0012
Physician’s Global Subjective Assessment (all treated lesions) 19% 4% 47% 11%
P = 0.00014
Photograph Response 15% 4% 19% 2%
P = 0.0026
"],"nonclinical_toxicology":["13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility Carcinogenicity studies with alitretinoin have not been conducted. Alitretinoin was not mutagenic in vitro (bacterial assay, Chinese hamster ovary cell HGPRT mutation assay) and was not clastogenic in vitro (chromosome aberration test in human lymphocytes) or in vivo (mouse micronucleus test)."],"adverse_reactions_table":["
Adverse Event Term Trial 1 Trial 2
PANRETIN GEL N=134 % Vehicle Gel N=134 % PANRETIN GEL N=36 % Vehicle Gel N=46 %
Rash1 77 11 25 4
Pain2 34 7 0 4
Pruritus3 11 4 8 4
Exfoliative dermatitis4 9 2 3 0
Skin disorder5 8 1 0 0
Edema6 8 3 3 0
Parethesia7 3 0 22 7
Includes Investigator terms: 1 Erythema, scaling, irritation, redness, rash, dermatitis 2 Burning, pain 3 Itching, pruritus 4 Flaking, peeling, desquamation, exfoliation 5 Excoriation, cracking, scab, crusting, drainage, eschar, fissure or oozing 6 Edema, swelling, inflammation 7 Stinging, tingling
"],"information_for_patients":["17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information). Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Advise females to inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant or become pregnant. Inform females of the risk to a fetus and potential loss of pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 1 week after the last dose of PANRETIN GEL [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )]. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 1 week following the last dose of PANRETIN GEL [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3 )] . Lactation Advise patients not to breastfeed during treatment with PANRETIN GEL and for 1 week after the last dose of PANRETIN GEL [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.2 )]. Photosensitivity Advice patients that PANRETIN GEL can cause photosensitivity and to avoid sunlight and sunlamps and use measures such as protective clothing in PANRETIN-applied areas [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Toxicity with DEET-Containing Products Advise patients to avoid DEET-containing products such as insect repellant while using PANRETIN GEL [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )]. Manufactured for: Advanz Pharma (US) Corp. Bannockburn IL, 60015 PANRETIN ® is a registered trademark of Mercury Pharma Group Limited. Distributed by Advanz Pharma (US) Corp. under license Revised: 11/2025 PATIENT INFORMATION PANRETIN GEL (PAN-reh-tin) (alitretinoin) Important information: PANRETIN GEL is for use on skin (topical use) only. Do not use PANRETIN GEL in or near your eyes, inside your nose, mouth, lips, vagina, tip of the penis, rectum, or anus. What is PANRETIN GEL? PANRETIN GEL is a prescription medicine used to treat skin lesions in adults with AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). PANRETIN GEL is not used to treat KS when a medicine taken by mouth or injection (systemic treatment) is needed. It is not known if PANRETIN GEL is safe and effective in children. Do not use PANRETIN GEL if you are allergic to retinoids or any of the ingredients in PANRETIN GEL. See the end of this Patient Information leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in PANRETIN GEL. Before using PANRETIN GEL, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: • are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. PANRETIN GEL can harm your unborn baby. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant or think you may be pregnant during treatment with PANRETIN GEL. Females who are able to become pregnant: o Your healthcare provider should check to see if you are pregnant before you start treatment with PANRETIN GEL. o You should use effective birth control (contraception) during treatment and for 1 week after the last dose of PANRETIN GEL. Males with female partners who are able to become pregnant: o You should use effective birth control (contraception) during treatment and for 1 week after the last dose of PANRETIN GEL. • are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if PANRETIN GEL passes into your breast milk. Do not breastfeed during treatment and for 1 week after your last dose of PANRETIN GEL. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Especially tell your healthcare provider about skin products that you use. You should not use products that contain DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide), during treatment with PANRETIN Gel. DEET is an ingredient commonly found in insect repellent. How should I use PANRETIN GEL? Use PANRETIN GEL exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to use it. To open the PANRETIN GEL, remove the cap and use the point of the cap to puncture the metal safety seal. Apply PANRETIN GEL to affected areas 2 times a day. Slowly increase the number of times you apply PANRETIN GEL up to 4 times a day as tolerated. Cover the entire KS lesions with PANRETIN GEL. Avoid applying PANRETIN GEL to healthy skin around the KS lesions. Do not use PANRETIN GEL in or near the eyes, inside your nose, mouth, lips, vagina, tip of the penis, rectum or anus. Allow PANRETIN GEL to dry for 3 to 5 minutes before covering with clothing. Do not cover the treated area with bandages or dressings. Wash your hands with soap and water after applying PANRETIN GEL, unless PANRETIN Gel is applied to KS lesions on your hands. What should I avoid while using PANRETIN GEL? Avoid sunlight and the use of sunlamps during treatment with PANRETIN GEL. PANRETIN GEL can make your skin sensitive to the sun and the light from sunlamps. Wear protective clothing that cover the treated areas if you have to be in sunlight during treatment with PANRETIN GEL. PANRETIN Gel is flammable. Avoid fire, flame, and smoking during and right after applying PANRETIN Gel to your skin. You should avoid scratching skin areas treated with PANRETIN GEL. What are the possible side effects of PANRETIN GEL? The most common side effects of PANRETIN GEL at the treatment site, include: rash pain stinging or tingling of the skin itching skin peeling or shedding redness or swelling skin cracking, scabbing, crusting, or drainage Your healthcare provider may decrease how often you apply PANRETIN Gel or temporarily stop your treatment with PANRETIN GEL if you develop severe skin reactions. Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all of the possible side effects of PANRETIN GEL. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store PANRETIN GEL? Store PANRETIN GEL at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Keep the cap on the tube tightly closed after each use. Keep away from heat. Keep PANRETIN GEL and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of PANRETIN GEL. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use PANRETIN GEL for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give PANRETIN GEL to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about PANRETIN GEL that is written for health professionals. What are the ingredients in PANRETIN GEL? Active ingredient : alitretinoin Inactive ingredients : butylated hydroxytoluene NF, dehydrated alcohol USP, hydroxypropyl cellulose NF, and polyethylene glycol 400 NF. Manufactured for: Advanz Pharma (US) Corp. Bannockburn IL, 60015 PANRETIN ® is a registered trademark of Mercury Pharma Group Limited. Distributed by Advanz Pharma (US) Corp. under license. This patient information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Revise 11/2025"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION PANRETIN GEL is for topical use only. Do not use occlusive dressings with PANRETIN GEL. Apply PANRETIN GEL twice daily to coat the entire cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma lesions. Gradually increase the application frequency up to four (4) times a day as tolerated. Continue PANRETIN GEL as long as patient is deriving benefit. Reduce application frequency for application site toxicity. Interrupt treatment for severe irritation; may resume at a reduced application frequency once symptoms improve. Avoid application of gel to normal skin and do not apply on or near mucosal surfaces. Wash hands after application unless gel is applied to Kaposi sarcoma lesions on the hands. Allow gel to dry for three to five minutes before covering with clothing. • Apply to the affected lesions twice daily; increase to 4 times daily as tolerated. ( 2 ) • For topical use only. ( 2 )"],"spl_product_data_elements":["PANRETIN alitretinoin ALITRETINOIN ALITRETINOIN POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400 HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE ALCOHOL BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Topical Gel: 0.1% alitretinoin (clear yellow gel) in a 60-gram tube. Gel, 0.1%"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS • Pregnancy : Can cause fetal harm ( 8.1 ) • Lactation: Advise not to breastfeed ( 8.2 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on findings in animal studies and its mechanism of action, PANRETIN GEL can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Oral administration of alitretinoin to pregnant animals during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic and embryo lethal at exposures at least 5 times the estimated daily human topical dose ( see Data ). There are no data on the use of PANRETIN GEL in pregnant women. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Oral administration of alitretinoin to pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis resulted in early resorptions, post-implantation loss, and fetal defects (limb, craniofacial, fused sternebrae) at doses ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/day (approximately 5 times the estimated daily human topical dose based on body surface area, assuming complete systemic absorption of alitretinoin, when PANRETIN GEL is administered as a 60 g tube over 1 month in a 60 kg human). Early resorptions and post-implantation loss also occurred in rats administered oral alitretinoin at doses ≥5 mg/kg/day (approximately 25 times the estimated daily human topical dose based on body surface area). Limb and craniofacial defects also occurred in mice administered oral alitretinoin on day 11 of gestation at single doses ≥50 mg/kg (approximately 127 times the estimated daily human topical dose based on body surface area). 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary It is not known whether alitretinoin or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for adverse reactions from PANRETIN GEL in the nursing child, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with PANRETIN GEL and for 1 week after the last dose. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Pregnancy Testing Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating PANRETIN GEL. Contraception Females PANRETIN GEL can cause embryo-fetal harm when administered to pregnant women [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with PANRETIN GEL and for 1 week after the last dose. Males Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with PANRETIN GEL and for 1 week after the last dose. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of PANRETIN GEL have not been established in pediatric patients. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of PANRETIN GEL did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger adult patients."],"information_for_patients_table":["
PATIENT INFORMATION PANRETIN GEL (PAN-reh-tin) (alitretinoin)
Important information: PANRETIN GEL is for use on skin (topical use) only. Do not use PANRETIN GEL in or near your eyes, inside your nose, mouth, lips, vagina, tip of the penis, rectum, or anus.
What is PANRETIN GEL? PANRETIN GEL is a prescription medicine used to treat skin lesions in adults with AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). PANRETIN GEL is not used to treat KS when a medicine taken by mouth or injection (systemic treatment) is needed. It is not known if PANRETIN GEL is safe and effective in children.
Do not use PANRETIN GEL if you are allergic to retinoids or any of the ingredients in PANRETIN GEL. See the end of this Patient Information leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in PANRETIN GEL.
Before using PANRETIN GEL, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: • are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. PANRETIN GEL can harm your unborn baby. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant or think you may be pregnant during treatment with PANRETIN GEL. Females who are able to become pregnant: o Your healthcare provider should check to see if you are pregnant before you start treatment with PANRETIN GEL. o You should use effective birth control (contraception) during treatment and for 1 week after the last dose of PANRETIN GEL. Males with female partners who are able to become pregnant: o You should use effective birth control (contraception) during treatment and for 1 week after the last dose of PANRETIN GEL. • are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if PANRETIN GEL passes into your breast milk. Do not breastfeed during treatment and for 1 week after your last dose of PANRETIN GEL. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Especially tell your healthcare provider about skin products that you use. You should not use products that contain DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide), during treatment with PANRETIN Gel. DEET is an ingredient commonly found in insect repellent.
How should I use PANRETIN GEL? Use PANRETIN GEL exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to use it. To open the PANRETIN GEL, remove the cap and use the point of the cap to puncture the metal safety seal. Apply PANRETIN GEL to affected areas 2 times a day. Slowly increase the number of times you apply PANRETIN GEL up to 4 times a day as tolerated.Cover the entire KS lesions with PANRETIN GEL. Avoid applying PANRETIN GEL to healthy skin around the KS lesions. Do not use PANRETIN GEL in or near the eyes, inside your nose, mouth, lips, vagina, tip of the penis, rectum or anus. Allow PANRETIN GEL to dry for 3 to 5 minutes before covering with clothing. Do not cover the treated area with bandages or dressings.Wash your hands with soap and water after applying PANRETIN GEL, unless PANRETIN Gel is applied to KS lesions on your hands.
What should I avoid while using PANRETIN GEL? Avoid sunlight and the use of sunlamps during treatment with PANRETIN GEL. PANRETIN GEL can make your skin sensitive to the sun and the light from sunlamps. Wear protective clothing that cover the treated areas if you have to be in sunlight during treatment with PANRETIN GEL.PANRETIN Gel is flammable. Avoid fire, flame, and smoking during and right after applying PANRETIN Gel to your skin.You should avoid scratching skin areas treated with PANRETIN GEL.
What are the possible side effects of PANRETIN GEL? The most common side effects of PANRETIN GEL at the treatment site, include: rashpainstinging or tingling of the skinitchingskin peeling or sheddingredness or swellingskin cracking, scabbing, crusting, or drainageYour healthcare provider may decrease how often you apply PANRETIN Gel or temporarily stop your treatment with PANRETIN GEL if you develop severe skin reactions. Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all of the possible side effects of PANRETIN GEL. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
How should I store PANRETIN GEL? Store PANRETIN GEL at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).Keep the cap on the tube tightly closed after each use.Keep away from heat. Keep PANRETIN GEL and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of PANRETIN GEL. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use PANRETIN GEL for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give PANRETIN GEL to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about PANRETIN GEL that is written for health professionals.
What are the ingredients in PANRETIN GEL? Active ingredient: alitretinoin Inactive ingredients: butylated hydroxytoluene NF, dehydrated alcohol USP, hydroxypropyl cellulose NF, and polyethylene glycol 400 NF. Manufactured for: Advanz Pharma (US) Corp. Bannockburn IL, 60015 PANRETIN® is a registered trademark of Mercury Pharma Group Limited. Distributed by Advanz Pharma (US) Corp. under license.
"],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 59212-601-22 Panretin ® gel (alitretinoin) 0.1% tube label"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility Carcinogenicity studies with alitretinoin have not been conducted. Alitretinoin was not mutagenic in vitro (bacterial assay, Chinese hamster ovary cell HGPRT mutation assay) and was not clastogenic in vitro (chromosome aberration test in human lymphocytes) or in vivo (mouse micronucleus test)."]},"tags":[{"label":"Retinoid","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Retinoic acid receptor beta","category":"target"},{"label":"RARB","category":"gene"},{"label":"RARG","category":"gene"},{"label":"RXRB","category":"gene"},{"label":"L01XF02","category":"atc"},{"label":"Topical","category":"route"},{"label":"Cream","category":"form"},{"label":"Gel","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Kaposi's Sarcoma Skin Lesions","category":"indication"},{"label":"Advanz Pharma","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1990s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Antineoplastic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dermatologic Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"llr":62.711,"date":"","count":8,"signal":"Diverticulum oesophageal","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 8 times (LLR=63)"},{"llr":60.178,"date":"","count":8,"signal":"Mandibular mass","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 8 times (LLR=60)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Rash","drugRate":"77%","severity":"unknown","_validated":true},{"effect":"Pain","drugRate":"34%","severity":"unknown","_validated":true},{"effect":"Paresthesia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Pruritus","drugRate":"11%","severity":"unknown","_validated":true},{"effect":"Edema","drugRate":"3%","severity":"unknown","_validated":true},{"effect":"Exfoliative dermatitis","drugRate":"2%","severity":"unknown","_validated":true},{"effect":"Skin disorder","drugRate":"1%","severity":"unknown","_validated":true}],"contraindications":["Breastfeeding (mother)","Mycosis fungoides","Pregnancy, function"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Pregnancy. (see Warnings section).","Geriatric use":"Inadequate information is available to assess safety and efficacy in patients age 65 years or older.","Paediatric use":"Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Advanz","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ALITRETINOIN","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:45.878377+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alitretinoin","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:52.630885+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:51.121432+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ALITRETINOIN","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:51.526317+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:44.681748+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:44.681773+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:44.681778+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Retinoid receptor agonist","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:52.630827+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL705/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:52.287844+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"NDA020886","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:44.681780+00:00"}},"allNames":"panretin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["alitretinoin","panrexin","panretyn","panretin","9-cis-retinoic acid"],"timeline":[{"date":"1999-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from EISAI INC to Advanz Pharma"},{"date":"1999-02-02","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Eisai Inc)"}],"aiSummary":"Panretin, also known as alitretinoin, is a small molecule that acts as a retinoid receptor agonist. It is used to treat conditions such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus, hand dermatoses, and psoriasis.","brandName":"Panretin","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Kaposi's Sarcoma Skin Lesions","otherDrugs":[{"name":"tretinoin","slug":"tretinoin","company":"Valeant Intl"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Retinoic acid receptor beta","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"RARB","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Retinoic acid receptor beta","protein":"Retinoic acid receptor beta"},{"gene":"RARG","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Retinoic acid receptor gamma","protein":"Retinoic acid receptor gamma"},{"gene":"RXRB","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta","protein":"Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta"},{"gene":"RXRG","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma","protein":"Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma"},{"gene":"RARA","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Retinoic acid receptor alpha","protein":"Retinoic acid receptor alpha"},{"gene":"RXRA","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha","protein":"Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha"},{"gene":"NR4A1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1","protein":"Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1"},{"gene":"NR1H3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha","protein":"Oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha"},{"gene":"NR1H2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Oxysterols receptor LXR-beta","protein":"Oxysterols receptor LXR-beta"},{"gene":"RORC","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma","protein":"Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Retinoid [EPC]","explanation":"Think of it like a key fitting into a lock. Panretin is the key that fits into the retinoic acid receptor lock, which helps to turn off the signals that tell cancer cells to grow. This helps to slow down the growth of Kaposi's Sarcoma skin lesions.","oneSentence":"Panretin works by binding to retinoic acid receptors in the skin, which helps to slow down the growth of cancer cells.","technicalDetail":"Panretin (Alitretinoin) is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ) agonist, modulating gene expression and cell growth in the skin."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alitretinoin","title":"Alitretinoin","extract":"Alitretinoin, or 9-cis-retinoic acid, is a form of vitamin A. It is also used in medicine as an antineoplastic (anti-cancer) agent developed by Ligand Pharmaceuticals. It is a first generation retinoid. Ligand gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for alitretinoin in February 1999."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1999","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1999-02-02, EISAI INC)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/3862","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ALITRETINOIN","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ALITRETINOIN","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alitretinoin","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T08:37:33.024485","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:55.836703+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"tretinoin","drugSlug":"tretinoin","fdaApproval":"1971-10-20","patentExpiry":"Aug 22, 2038","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"bexarotene","drugSlug":"bexarotene","fdaApproval":"1999-12-29","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"alitretinoin","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Kaposi's Sarcoma Skin Lesions","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, with no systemic anti-KS therapy required (less than 10 new KS lesions in the prior month, no symptomatic lymphedema, no symptomatic pulmonary KS, and no symptomatic visceral involvement)"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"currentOwner":"Advanz Pharma","drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"tretinoin","brandName":"tretinoin","genericName":"tretinoin","approvalYear":"1971","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"bexarotene","brandName":"bexarotene","genericName":"bexarotene","approvalYear":"1999","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05259722","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A 24 Week Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Delgocitinib Cream 20 mg/g Twice-daily With Alitretinoin Capsules Once-daily in Adult Participants With Severe Chronic Hand Eczema","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"LEO Pharma","startDate":"2022-06-15","conditions":["Chronic Hand Eczema"],"enrollment":513,"completionDate":"2023-12-05"},{"nctId":"NCT00124436","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Follow-up Efficacy and Safety of Alitretinoin in Severe Chronic Hand Dermatitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Basilea Pharmaceutica","startDate":"2005-03","conditions":["Hand Dermatoses"],"enrollment":300,"completionDate":"2007-02"},{"nctId":"NCT00519675","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Alitretinoin in the Treatment of Chronic Hand Eczema","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Basilea Pharmaceutica","startDate":"2007-05","conditions":["Eczema"],"enrollment":150,"completionDate":""},{"nctId":"NCT00309621","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Safety and Efficacy of a Retinoid for the Treatment of Severe Chronic Hand Dermatitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Basilea Pharmaceutica","startDate":"2006-04","conditions":["Hand Dermatoses"],"enrollment":250,"completionDate":"2007-05"},{"nctId":"NCT00124475","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of a Retinoid for the Treatment of Severe Chronic Hand Dermatitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Basilea Pharmaceutica","startDate":"2004-12","conditions":["Hand Dermatoses"],"enrollment":1035,"completionDate":"2007-09"},{"nctId":"NCT04512339","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Dupilumab in Severe Chronic Hand Eczema","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University Medical Center Groningen","startDate":"2020-08-01","conditions":["Hand Eczema"],"enrollment":30,"completionDate":"2022-08"},{"nctId":"NCT05077813","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Utilizing the Crosstalk Among Chicoric Acid, 13-Cis Retinoic Acid(Aerosolized), Minocycline and Vitamin D as a Potent Quadrate Therapy for Treating Patients With Multidrug-resistant TB and Patient With Both Multidrug-resistant TB and COVID-19","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Kafrelsheikh University","startDate":"2021-12","conditions":["Tuberculosis"],"enrollment":250,"completionDate":"2022-02"},{"nctId":"NCT05016349","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Investigating the Potential Role of a Novel Quadrate Combination Therapy Mifepristone(Antiprogestrone), Tamoxifen, Retinoic Acid and Cannabidiol ( Selective Cyp 26 Inhibitor) for Treating Early Breast Cancer.","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Mahmoud Ramadan mohamed Elkazzaz","startDate":"2021-08","conditions":["Breast Cancer Female"],"enrollment":160,"completionDate":"2021-12"},{"nctId":"NCT00817063","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of a Retinoid in the Treatment of Severe Chronic Hand Eczema","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Stiefel, a GSK Company","startDate":"2009-01-08","conditions":["Eczema"],"enrollment":599,"completionDate":"2012-04-26"},{"nctId":"NCT03026946","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Alitretinoin vs Cyclosporine in Severe Recurrent Vesicular Hand Eczema","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University Medical Center Groningen","startDate":"2017-05-29","conditions":["Hand Eczema"],"enrollment":76,"completionDate":"2022-07"},{"nctId":"NCT03026907","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Alitretinoin vs Azathioprine in Severe Non-hyperkeratotic Hand Eczema","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University Medical Center Groningen","startDate":"2016-05","conditions":["Hand Eczema"],"enrollment":116,"completionDate":"2019-12"},{"nctId":"NCT01245140","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Efficacy of Alitretinoin Treatment in Patients With Pustular Form of Psoriasis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Stiefel, a GSK Company","startDate":"2011-04-26","conditions":["Psoriasis"],"enrollment":33,"completionDate":"2014-04-16"},{"nctId":"NCT01407679","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Oral Alitretinoin (Toctino®) in the Treatment of Patients With Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University Hospital Muenster","startDate":"2011-08","conditions":["Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous"],"enrollment":7,"completionDate":"2014-04"},{"nctId":"NCT01231854","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ciclosporin Versus Alitretinoin for Severe Atopic Hand Dermatitis.","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Technische Universität Dresden","startDate":"2010-11","conditions":["Atopic Dermatitis"],"enrollment":15,"completionDate":"2013-03"},{"nctId":"NCT01891526","phase":"","title":"Single Dose of 9-cis-retinoic Acid in Hepatic Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Gentofte, Copenhagen","startDate":"2010-12","conditions":["Hepatic Insufficiency"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2012-06"},{"nctId":"NCT01261923","phase":"PHASE1,PHASE2","title":"Pharmacokinetics of 9-cis-retinoic Acid (Alitretinoin, Toctino®) in Patients With Hepatic Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Gentofte, Copenhagen","startDate":"2010-12","conditions":["Hepatic Insufficiency"],"enrollment":16,"completionDate":"2011-08"},{"nctId":"NCT01538732","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Lichen Planus Mucosae at USZ, Efficacy of Oral Alitretinoin","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Zurich","startDate":"2012-03","conditions":["Lichen Planus (LP)"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2014-03"},{"nctId":"NCT00156169","phase":"PHASE3","title":"The Effect of the Alga Dunaliella Bardawil as a Source of 9-cis Retinoic Acid on Lipid Profile in Fibrate Treated Patients.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sheba Medical Center","startDate":"2001-05","conditions":["Low HDL Cholesterol"],"enrollment":50,"completionDate":"2006-12"},{"nctId":"NCT00001504","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Phase I Trial of Tamoxifen and 9-Cis-Retinoic Acid in Breast Cancer Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","startDate":"1996-05","conditions":["Breast Cancer","Breast Neoplasm"],"enrollment":18,"completionDate":"2002-01"},{"nctId":"NCT00002439","phase":"NA","title":"A Study of ALRT 1057 Topical Gel in Patients With AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Anderson Clinical Research","startDate":"","conditions":["Sarcoma, Kaposi","HIV Infections"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":""},{"nctId":"NCT00002188","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of ALRT1057 in Patients With AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Anderson Clinical Research","startDate":"","conditions":["Sarcoma, Kaposi","HIV Infections"],"enrollment":27,"completionDate":""}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{"route":"Topical","formulation":"Cream, Gel","formulations":[{"form":"CREAM","route":"TOPICAL","productName":"CLINDAMYCIN 1% / NIACINAMIDE 4% / TRETINOIN 0.05%"},{"form":"GEL","route":"TOPICAL","productName":"PANRETIN"}]},"_patentsChecked":true,"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000148606","MMSL":"14093","NDDF":"007747","UNII":"1UA8E65KDZ","VUID":"4021155","CHEBI":"CHEBI:50648","VANDF":"4021155","INN_ID":"7781","RXNORM":"219098","UMLSCUI":"C0281666","chemblId":"CHEMBL705","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL705","KEGG_DRUG":"D02815","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB00523","PDB_CHEM_ID":"9CR","PUBCHEM_CID":"449171","SNOMEDCT_US":"116086005","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"2645","MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI":"D000077556"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[{"period":"1999-","companyName":"Eisai Inc","relationship":"Original Developer"},{"period":"present","companyName":"Advanz Pharma","relationship":"Current Owner"}],"publicationCount":295,"therapeuticAreas":["Oncology"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"L01XF02","allCodes":["D11AH04","L01XF02"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"originalDeveloper":"Eisai Inc","recentPublications":[{"date":"2026 Mar 24","pmid":"41872419","title":"A Retrospective Real-World Comparison of Topical Delgocitinib and Localized Cream Psoralen-Ultraviolet A in Chronic Hand Eczema.","journal":"Dermatology and therapy"},{"date":"2026 Mar 1","pmid":"41779760","title":"Expert Consensus on Advanced Topical Nonsteroidal Therapies for Chronic Hand Eczema.","journal":"Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD"},{"date":"2026 Feb 13","pmid":"41692081","title":"Vitamins and the skin: Vitamin A and retinoids in dermatology.","journal":"Clinics in dermatology"},{"date":"2026 Feb 6","pmid":"41649146","title":"The Patient Journey: From Diagnosis to Therapeutic Management of Chronic Hand Eczema.","journal":"Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug"},{"date":"2026 Feb 17","pmid":"41589894","title":"Retinoids enhance NK effector function against HIV-infected CD4 T cells.","journal":"Journal of virology"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturers":0,"_genericFilersChecked":true,"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"approved","companyName":"Advanz Pharma","companyId":"advanz","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"1999","enrichmentLevel":4,"visitCount":0,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":"1999-02-02T00:00:00.000Z","mah":"ADVANZ PHARMA","brand_name_local":"PANRETIN","application_number":"NDA020886"},{"country_code":"EU","regulator":"EMA","status":"withdrawn","approval_date":"2000-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","mah":"Eisai GmbH","brand_name_local":"Panretin","application_number":"EMEA/H/C/000279"},{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health Canada","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":"","brand_name_local":"","application_number":""},{"country_code":"GB","regulator":"MHRA","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":"Panretin","application_number":null},{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null}],"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:14:55.836703+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}