{"id":"adenosine","rwe":[],"_fda":{"id":"0030108d-9c2e-d304-e063-6394a90a5ce5","set_id":"00301649-549d-e4af-e063-6394a90a0a1b","openfda":{"nui":["N0000178375","N0000175788"],"unii":["K72T3FS567","25X51I8RD4"],"route":["TOPICAL"],"spl_id":["0030108d-9c2e-d304-e063-6394a90a5ce5"],"brand_name":["PETITCOCHON TONE UP BODY SUN"],"spl_set_id":["00301649-549d-e4af-e063-6394a90a0a1b"],"package_ndc":["82083-0022-1"],"product_ndc":["82083-0022"],"generic_name":["ADENOSINE, NIACINAMIDE"],"product_type":["HUMAN OTC DRUG"],"substance_name":["ADENOSINE","NIACINAMIDE"],"pharm_class_epc":["Adenosine Receptor Agonist [EPC]"],"pharm_class_moa":["Adenosine Receptor Agonists [MoA]"],"manufacturer_name":["LAON COMMERCE co ltd"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"purpose":["skin protect"],"version":"1","warnings":["Precautions when using 1. When using cosmetics or after use, if there are any abnormal symptoms or side effects such as red spots, swelling, or itching in the area of use due to direct sunlight, consult with a specialist. 2. Refrain from using on areas with scars, etc. 3. Precautions for storage and handling A) Keep out of reach of children B) Store away from direct sunlight."],"effective_time":"20230711","active_ingredient":["Niacinamide, Adenosine"],"inactive_ingredient":["Water Zinc Oxide Cyclopentasiloxane Titanium Dioxide Butyloctyl Salicylate Glycerin Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone Dicaprylyl Carbonate Sodium Chloride Hydrogenated Polyisobutene Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Anemarrhena Asphodeloides Root Extract Triethoxycaprylylsilane Aluminum Hydroxide Oxide PEG-10 Dimethicone Panthenol Stearic Acid Disteardimonium Hectorite Benzyl Glycol Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer Butylene Glycol Allantoin Propylene Carbonate Ethylhexylglycerin Disodium EDTA 1,2-Hexanediol Borago Officinalis Extract Corchorus Olitorius Leaf Extract Ilex Paraguariensis Leaf Extract Daucus Carota Sativa (Carrot) Root Extract Sodium Hyaluronate Fragrance"],"recent_major_changes":[""],"indications_and_usage":["How to use; At the last stage of basic care, apply an appropriate amount to the face, neck, arms, and legs that are easily exposed to UV rays."],"dosage_and_administration":["topical use only"],"spl_product_data_elements":["PETITCOCHON TONE UP BODY SUN Adenosine, Niacinamide ADENOSINE ADENOSINE NIACINAMIDE NIACINAMIDE WATER"],"keep_out_of_reach_of_children":["KEEP OUT OF REACH OF THE CHILDREN"],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["1"]},"tags":[{"label":"Adenosine Receptor Agonist","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Adenosine receptor A3","category":"target"},{"label":"ADORA3","category":"gene"},{"label":"ADORA1","category":"gene"},{"label":"ADORA2A","category":"gene"},{"label":"C01EB10","category":"atc"},{"label":"Oral","category":"route"},{"label":"Topical","category":"route"},{"label":"Cream","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Established","category":"status"},{"label":"Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Adjunct","category":"indication"},{"label":"Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Astellas","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1980s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Analgesics","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Arrhythmia Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Purinergic Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sensory System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Vasodilator Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"327 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"OFF LABEL USE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"102 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"94 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HYPOTENSION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"87 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"CARDIAC ARREST","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"78 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DYSPNOEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"74 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PAIN","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"67 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"ATRIAL FIBRILLATION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"66 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"BRADYCARDIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"63 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"TACHYCARDIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"61 reports"}],"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/carbamazepine","drug":"carbamazepine","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Carbamazepine","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"carbamazepine"},{"url":"/drug/gatifloxacin","drug":"gatifloxacin","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Gatifloxacin","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"gatifloxacin"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Facial flushing","drugRate":"18%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Shortness of breath/dyspnea","drugRate":"12%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Chest pressure","drugRate":"7%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"3%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"2%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Lightheadedness","drugRate":"2%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Numbness","drugRate":"1%","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Sweating","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Palpitations","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Chest pain","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Tingling in arms","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Apprehension","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Blurred vision","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Burning sensation","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Heaviness in arms","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Metallic taste","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Tightness in throat","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""}],"contraindications":["Acute cerebrovascular insufficiency","Acute coronary syndrome","Aortic valve stenosis","Asthma","Chronic obstructive lung disease","Complete atrioventricular block","Disorder of autonomic nervous system","Hypovolemia","Left main coronary artery disease","Left to right cardiovascular shunt","Low blood pressure","Mitral valve stenosis","Pericarditis","Pulmonary emphysema","Respiratory alkalosis","Respiratory insufficiency","Second degree atrioventricular block","Sick sinus syndrome","Syncope due to Bradycardia","Transplantation of heart"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Because it is not known whether adenosine injection can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women, adenosine injection should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.","Geriatric use":"Clinical studies of adenosine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, adenosine in geriatric patients should be used with caution since this population may have diminished cardiac function, nodal dysfunction, concomitant diseases or drug therapy that may alter he","Paediatric use":"No controlled studies have been conducted in pediatric patients to establish the safety and efficacy of adenosine for the conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). However, intravenous adenosine has been used for the treatment of PSVT in neonates, infants, children and adolescents (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION )."},"seriousAdverseEvents":[{"effect":"Prolonged asystole","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Ventricular fibrillation","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Ventricular tachycardia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Atrial fibrillation","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Torsade de Pointes","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Seizure activity/grand mal seizures","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Loss of consciousness","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Bronchospasm","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Bradycardia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Transient increase in blood pressure","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Astellas Pharma","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ADENOSINE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:23.142897+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:31.839553+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:30.022895+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:21.772619+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ADENOSINE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:30.867870+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:20.536112+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:20.536163+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:20.536173+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:32.746721+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL606298/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:31.716330+00:00"}},"allNames":"adenocard","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["adenosine","adenine riboside","riboadenosine","beta-Adenosine","beta-D-Adenosine","adenoscan"],"timeline":[{"date":"1989-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from ASTELLAS to Astellas"},{"date":"1989-10-30","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Astellas)"},{"date":"2018-04-16","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Generic entry — 15 manufacturers approved"}],"aiSummary":"Adenocard (Adenosine) is a small molecule adenosine receptor agonist developed by Astellas, targeting the adenosine receptor A3. It is an FDA-approved medication for myocardial perfusion imaging adjunct and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia since 1989. Adenocard is off-patent with 15 generic manufacturers, making it widely available. Key safety considerations include potential for hypotension, bronchospasm, and heart block. As an off-patent medication, its commercial status is largely driven by generic competition.","brandName":"Adenocard","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Adjunct","otherDrugs":[{"name":"dipyridamole","slug":"dipyridamole","company":"Boehringer Ingelheim"},{"name":"ganciclovir","slug":"ganciclovir","company":"Roche Palo"},{"name":"regadenoson","slug":"regadenoson","company":"Astellas"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"diltiazem","slug":"diltiazem","company":"Valeant Intl"},{"name":"ganciclovir","slug":"ganciclovir","company":"Roche Palo"},{"name":"methoxamine","slug":"methoxamine","company":"Glaxosmithkline"},{"name":"propafenone","slug":"propafenone","company":"Glaxosmithkline Llc"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Adenosine receptor A3","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"ADORA3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine receptor A3","protein":"Adenosine receptor A3"},{"gene":"ADORA1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine receptor A1","protein":"Adenosine receptor A1"},{"gene":"ADORA2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine receptor A2a","protein":"Adenosine receptor A2a"},{"gene":"ADK","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine kinase","protein":"Adenosine kinase"},{"gene":"AHCY","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosylhomocysteinase","protein":"Adenosylhomocysteinase"},{"gene":"MAP3K7","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7","protein":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7"},{"gene":"PI4K2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha","protein":"Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha"},{"gene":"PI4K2B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta","protein":"Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta"},{"gene":"ADORA2B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine receptor A2b","protein":"Adenosine receptor A2b"},{"gene":"ADA","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine deaminase","protein":"Adenosine deaminase"}],"moaClass":"Adenosine Receptor Agonists","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Adenosine Receptor Agonist [EPC]","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Adenocard acts as a selective agonist for the adenosine receptor A3, which is involved in modulating heart rate and rhythm. Activation of this receptor leads to a decrease in heart rate and contraction force, resulting in a reduction of abnormal heart rhythms such as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine","title":"Adenosine","extract":"Adenosine (symbol A) is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature in the form of diverse derivatives. The molecule consists of an adenine attached to a ribose via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. Adenosine is one of the four nucleoside building blocks of RNA (and its derivative deoxyadenosine is a building block of DNA), which are essential for all life on Earth. Its derivatives include the energy carriers adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate, also known as AMP/ADP/ATP. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is pervasive in signal transduction. Adenosine is used as an intravenous medication for some cardiac arrhythmias."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1989","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1989-10-30, ASTELLAS)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/90","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ADENOSINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ADENOSINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T08:28:07.919688","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:42:34.532099+00:00","fieldsConflicting":2,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"camphor","drugSlug":"camphor","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"indomethacin","drugSlug":"indomethacin","fdaApproval":"1965-06-10","patentExpiry":"Apr 23, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ubidecarenone","drugSlug":"ubidecarenone","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ibuprofen","drugSlug":"ibuprofen","fdaApproval":"1974-09-19","patentExpiry":"Sep 30, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ivabradine","drugSlug":"ivabradine","fdaApproval":"2015-04-15","patentExpiry":"Feb 22, 2026","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ranolazine","drugSlug":"ranolazine","fdaApproval":"2006-01-27","patentExpiry":"Jan 24, 2038","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"regadenoson","drugSlug":"regadenoson","fdaApproval":"2008-04-10","patentExpiry":"Feb 2, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"mavacamten","drugSlug":"mavacamten","fdaApproval":"2022-04-28","patentExpiry":"Jun 19, 2034","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"adenosine","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Adjunct","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"No information available"},{"name":"Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":67198005,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"No information available"}],"offLabel":[{"name":"Supraventricular tachycardia","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"ADENOSINE","evidenceCount":888,"evidenceLevel":"strong"}],"pipeline":[]},"currentOwner":"Astellas","drugCategory":"established","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"camphor","brandName":"camphor","genericName":"camphor","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"indomethacin","brandName":"indomethacin","genericName":"indomethacin","approvalYear":"1965","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"ubidecarenone","brandName":"ubidecarenone","genericName":"ubidecarenone","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"ibuprofen","brandName":"ibuprofen","genericName":"ibuprofen","approvalYear":"1974","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"ivabradine","brandName":"ivabradine","genericName":"ivabradine","approvalYear":"2015","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"ranolazine","brandName":"ranolazine","genericName":"ranolazine","approvalYear":"2006","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"regadenoson","brandName":"regadenoson","genericName":"regadenoson","approvalYear":"2008","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"mavacamten","brandName":"mavacamten","genericName":"mavacamten","approvalYear":"2022","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05377424","phase":"PHASE1,PHASE2","title":"Adenosine 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