{"disease":{"id":"type-2-diabetes","name":"Type 2 Diabetes","therapeutic_area":"Metabolic & Endocrinology","data":{"aiSummary":"Type 2 diabetes management has evolved from glycaemic-centric to a cardiovascular and renal risk stratification model, where SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are prioritised in patients with established ASCVD, heart failure, or CKD regardless of HbA1c levels. The ADA now recommends these agents as cardiorenal-protective first-line therapies in high-risk T2D, with metformin relegated to a cost-effective glycaemic adjunct rather than universal first-line. Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) represents the most potent T2D pharmacotherapy to date, delivering >2% HbA1c reduction and ~11 kg weight loss, while finerenone fills a critical niche in the T2D+CKD setting. The convergence of obesity and diabetes management — exemplified by tirzepatide receiving both T2D (Mounjaro) and obesity (Zepbound) approvals — signals an increasingly unified approach to cardiometabolic disease.","drug_count":12,"description":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder characterised by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, resulting in hyperglycaemia. It is driven by a combination of genetic susceptibility, obesity, physical inactivity, ageing, and environmental factors. Beyond glycaemic control, modern T2D management focuses intensively on cardiovascular and renal risk reduction: SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists have demonstrated cardiovascular outcomes benefits in landmark trials and are now recommended independently of HbA1c in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or heart failure (HF). The introduction of tirzepatide (dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist) and oral semaglutide has further transformed the pharmacological landscape.","subtype_count":12},"enrichment_level":2,"last_enriched_at":null,"visit_count":0,"created_at":"2026-03-25T12:16:34.969Z","updated_at":"2026-03-25T12:16:34.969Z","meddra_pt":null,"meddra_code":null,"icd10_codes":null,"synonyms":[],"prevalence_global":null,"prevalence_us":null,"marketed_drug_count":0,"pipeline_drug_count":0,"trial_count":0},"drugs":{"marketed":[{"drug_id":"prevnar-family","indication_name":"Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F in adults 18 years of age and older with chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, or functional or anatomical asplenia","indication_type":"approved","phase":null,"line_of_therapy":null,"is_primary_indication":false,"pivotal_trial_result":null,"pivotal_trial_p_value":null,"patient_population":null,"brand_name":"Prevnar family","generic_name":"prevnar-family","company_name":"Pfizer Inc.","drug_phase":"marketed","molecular_target":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","drug_class":"Vaccine","quality_score":45,"revenue":"6494","mechanism":"Induces an immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F"},{"drug_id":"canagliflozin","indication_name":"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D)","indication_type":"approved","phase":null,"line_of_therapy":null,"is_primary_indication":false,"pivotal_trial_result":null,"pivotal_trial_p_value":null,"patient_population":null,"brand_name":"Invokana","generic_name":"CANAGLIFLOZIN","company_name":"Johnson & Johnson","drug_phase":"marketed","molecular_target":"Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2","drug_class":"Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor","quality_score":71,"revenue":"800","mechanism":"Invokana works by blocking the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys to reduce glucose 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